고효소혈증(고녹말분해효소제혈증, 고지방분해효소 제혈증)은 혈행으로 유입되는 효소의 양이 많아지거나 혈행 으로부터 제거되는 효소가 적어지는 경우에 발생하게 된다. 소화관으로 외분비 되어야 할 녹말분해효소와 지방분해효소가 혈행으로 유입되는 가장 중요한 기전은 녹말분해효소와 지방분해효소를 생산하는 췌장의 선방세포 내에서 선단막을 통한 효소의 정상적인 외분비가 차단되고, 기저측면막을 통한 효소의 누출이 증가하는 것이다. 이러한 누출 과정은 대다수가 병적인 상황에서 발생하지만 Gullo 증후군과 같이 췌장에 특별한 병증이 없이 원인 미상으로 발생하기도 한다. 또한 이 러 한 누 출 과 정 은 췌 장 뿐 아 니 라 녹 말 분 해 효 소 와 지방분해효소를 분비하는 췌장 외 기관에서도 동일한 기전으로 발생할 수 있다. 소장의 염증성 질환에 의해 소장 점막의 혈관투과성이 증가하면서 정상적으로 소장으로 외분비 된 녹말분해효소와 지방분해효소가 소장의 점막으로 흡수되어 혈관으로 유입되는 것도 효소 상승의 중요한 기전이다. 혈행으로 유입되는 효소와는 무관하게 신장과 간의 질환으로 인해 혈중 녹말분해효소와 지방분해효소가 배설, 대사되지 못하거나, 거대효소혈증이 발생하면서 면역글로불린과 결합된 효소가 신장을 통해 배설되지 못하는 경우도 간과되어서는 안 될 혈중 효소 상승의 중요한 기전이다.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) causes morphological changes in muscles, reduces muscle strength, endurance and flexibility, negatively affects lumbar stability, and limits functional activity. Plank exercise strengthens core muscles, activates abdominal muscles, and improves intra-abdominal pressure to stabilize the trunk in patients with CLBP. Objects: We investigated the effect of plank exercise on abdominal muscle thickness and disability in patients with CLBP. Methods: We classified 33 subjects into 2 groups: An experimental (n1=17) and a control group (n2=16). Patients in the experimental group participated in plank exercise and those in the control group participated in stretching exercise. Patients in both groups attended 20-minute exercise sessions thrice a week for 4 weeks. Abdominal muscle thickness in each subject was evaluated ultrasonographically, and disabilities were assessed using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: Four weeks later, abdominal muscle thickness showed a significant increase over baseline values in both groups (p<.05). Patients in the experimental group reported a more significant increase in the thickness of the external oblique muscle than that in the control group (p<.05). ODI scores in the experimental group were significantly lower after intervention than before intervention (p<.05). Conclusion: Plank exercise increases the thickness of the external oblique muscle and reduces disability secondary to mild CLBP. Therefore, plank exercise is needed to improve lumbar stability and functional activity in patients with mild CLBP.

경피경간담즙배액술은 담석, 양성협착, 악성종양 등에 의한 폐쇄성 황달을 감압시키기 위한 방사선학적 방법이다. 담관을 통한 담즙의 내부배액이 회복되면 경피경간담즙배액 도관은 경피적으로 제거할 수 있다. 본례에서는 병상에서 경피경간담즙배액 도관을 제거할 때, 도관이 복강으로 이동하여 복막염이 발생하였고 경구내시경으로 도관을 제거하였다. 경피경간담즙배액 도관을 제거할 때는 도관이 복강으로 이동하지 않도록 주의하여야 하며, 부주의로 인하여 도관이 복강으로 이동하였을 경우에는 경구내시경으로 도관을 제거할 후 있다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical quenching system for residual ozone and to determine the operating condition for the quenching system. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃) were investigated as quenching reagents for ozone removal, and the tendency of each chemical was notably different. In the case of H₂O₂, the degradation rate of ozone was increased as the concentration of H₂O₂ increase, and temperature and pH value have a significant effect on the degradation rate of ozone. On the other hand, the degradation rate of ozone was not affected by the concentration of Na₂S₂O₃, temperature and pH value, due to the high reactivity between the S₂O₃²- and ozone. This study evaluates the decomposition mechanism of ozone by H₂O₂ and Na₂S₂O₃ with consideration for the water quality and reaction time. Furthermore, the removal test for the quenching reagents, which can be remained after reaction with ozone, was conducted by GAC process.

The purpose of this study is to find the bi-polar adjectives for rural stream landscape evaluation by the semantic differential scale and to suggest the major determinants of visual preference in rural stream landscapes. For this, the bi-polar adjectives for rural stream landscape evaluation was found by the method of the reliability test, and the spatial image was analyzed by the factor analysis. The level of visual preference was measured by slide simulation test, and these data were analyzed by the multiple regression. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) Of the bi-polar adjectives expressing psychological and physical characteristics, the hi-polar adjectives which demonstrated reliability and consistency run as follows : Bi-polar adjectives expressing psychological characteristics : 'calm-bustling', 'unfamiliar-familiar', 'still-active','depressing-brisk', 'discomfortable-comfortable', 'suppressed-free', 'lifeless-living', 'quiet-noisy', 'unpleasant-pleasant'. Bi-polar adjectives expressing physical characteristics : 'artificial-natural', 'narrow-wide', 'rocky-not rocky', 'desolate-fertile', 'dirty-clean', 'enclosed-open', 'flat-steep', 'not gravelly-gravelly', 'thicketed-not thicketed', 'not weedy-weedy'. 2) Two factors, the harmony and the movement, were derived from the factor analysis for the psychological variables. Three factors, the naturalness, the rock, and the vegetation, were derived from the factor analysis for the physical variables. 3) Rural stream landscape types were classified into four types by the multi-dimensional scaling method. Type III, IV obtained higher rank of visual preference and type I, II obtained lower. 4) For all types, the factors determining the level of visual preference were found to be the harmony, the naturalness, and the vegetation. The visual preference determinants of rural stream landscape need to be considered in improving or restoring the rural stream landscapes.