Kim, No-Ju. 1999. Tone under Focus in North Kyungsang Korean. Studies in Modern Grammar15. 157-168. Investigating tone in a focused prosodic phrase (P-phrase) in North Kyungsang Korean, this paper proposes two constraints that are required to make a focused word the most prominent within a P-phrase. First, a H on a focused word-final H, which is highly avoided in an unfocused P-phrase, is retained. This generalization is expressed by the constraint *Toneless Focused Word which prevents a focused word from occurring toneless. Second, tone doubling, which occurs across a word boundary in an unfocused P-phrase, is blocked in a focused P-phrase. This generalization is captured by the constraint *Align (Focus, r; H-toned, l) which requires the right edge of a focused word not to be aligned with the left edge of a H-toned word. These two constraints conspire to make a focused word the most prominent within a P-phrase.

No-Ju Kim. 1998. A Third Type of Tone Shift: `Non-local but Bounded`. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 63-77. The phenomenon of Tone Shift has been divided into two typological classes: (i) a local tone shift by which a tone can shift only to an adjacent Tone Bearing Unit (TBU), and (ii) an unbounded tone shift by which a tone can shift as far as the domain extends. The former is found in Tonga(Goldsmith 1984) and Jita (Downing 1990a) and the latter in Digo(Kisseberth 1984) and Nguni languages(Downing 1990b). However, this paper shows that a third type of tone shift is found in North Kyungsang Korean (NK Korean), which does not belong to either of the above two classes. That is, a non-local but bounded tone shift is found; a tone can shift non-locally but it is bounded within an adjacent domain in NK Korean. A constraint Bounding is proposed in order to explain this third type of tone shift.