간행물
현대문법연구 KCI 등재 Studies in Modern Grammar
- 발행기관 현대문법학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 계간
- ISSN 1226-3206 (Print)2713-5780 (Online)
- 수록기간 1992 ~ 2021
- 주제분류 인문학 > 언어학 인문학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 745DDC 425
권호리스트/논문검색
제13권 (1998년 8월) 13건
1.
1998.08
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Park Sang-Soo. 1998. A Diachronic Analysis to the That-t Effect. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 1-24. In Old English period paet(=that)-t constructions were grammatical because bxt was originated from the demonstrative pronoun that had Agreement and Case features and accordingly the grammatical function of paet was the same as that of the neuter singular nominative demonstrative. As the inflections came to be leveled in Middle English period, paet/pat(=that) was reanalyzed as an indeclinable word and the grammaticality of a pat-t construction was also changed. In Modern English period tiat-t constructions are ungrammatical because that is recognized as a pure function word and it checks off [+F](=finiteness) operator feature of a tensed clause as a clause indicator and [-Q] feature of a declarative sentence as a mood indicator. This paper suggests that that be taken to be not a complementizer but a C-checking function word of [+F] and [-Q] features to account for the that-t effect as well as the adverb-effect in a principle way.
2.
1998.08
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Kim, Sang-Ki. 1998. The Middle Construction and Agentivity. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 25-39. This paper has characterized the nature of agentivity in the middle construction. Evidence of various types suggests that although agents cannot be overtly expressed in English middles, they are present underlyingly. Instrumental with-phrases may appear in middle constructions. The presence of an instrument implies the existence of an agent to use it. Other arguments can be made for the presence of an agent in the middle. Phrases such as with (no, little, a little, some, a lot of) effort and (with, without) difficulty, for example, imply agentivity, since effort is energy expended by an agent. Middles have much in common with unaccusatives. Both types of predicate have one argument, a non-agent, which shows up as the subject in surface structure but is an underlying object. The difference between the middle and the unaccusative is that the former has an agent in underlying lexical semantic structure, while the latter has no agent at any stage in the derivation. I have used a variety of syntactic and semantic tests to differentiate middles from unaccusatives.
3.
1998.08
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Chung, Yung-sik. 1998. A Study on The Semantic Analysis of OVER and Its Application. Studies in Modern grammatical 13, 41-62. The aim of this thesis is to show the systematic relationships among the interrelated meanings of OVER in English, which runs through all the seemingly different uses of OVER. Based on the semantic analysis of OVER, this study shows that the phenomena of semantic extension are universal. Brugman (1981), followed by Lakoff, showed that OVER can be analyzed as a chained system of senses using image schemas and natural image-schema transformations. The Brugman/Lakoff analysis can be improved, however, by relying more exclusively on image-schema transformation and eliminating some remnants of feature analysis. The key to the analysis is a curved arc-trajectory in the central schema, replacing the flat "across" trajectory presumedly Brugman and Lakoff. This modification leads to the elimination of unnecessary features such as the shape of the landmark, "contact", and subschemas (for ABOVE ad ACROSS). Its main advantage, though, is that the arc-path schema provides the basis for explaining all of the variants of OVER using natural image-schema transformations (and metaphors). The proposed image-schema transformations include: multiple trajectors; multiple-mass; multiple path; path-segment profiling; extending-path trajector; reflexive trajector; resulting state (including extended- path trajector and subjective path to endpoint); and shifted perspective. The meaning of OVER was analyzed previously by Brugman, Lakoff and Kee-dong Lee. But their conditions have problems in the following points: 1. sometimes, even though their conditions are not satisfied, over is used and sometimes, even though satisfied, over is not used. 2. Their explanations of the stationary meaning of over in relation to the basic meaning have no consistency. 3. When they explain the meaning of fall over, turn...over, they thought that TR is LM but their explanations are ad hoc. When the TR is stationary and in noncontact with LM, and is moved and located in the given position, the conditions of the basic meanings can be used in this case if the movements are thought to be the reverse of the movements in the conditions of the basic meanings.
4.
1998.08
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No-Ju Kim. 1998. A Third Type of Tone Shift: `Non-local but Bounded`. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 63-77. The phenomenon of Tone Shift has been divided into two typological classes: (i) a local tone shift by which a tone can shift only to an adjacent Tone Bearing Unit (TBU), and (ii) an unbounded tone shift by which a tone can shift as far as the domain extends. The former is found in Tonga(Goldsmith 1984) and Jita (Downing 1990a) and the latter in Digo(Kisseberth 1984) and Nguni languages(Downing 1990b). However, this paper shows that a third type of tone shift is found in North Kyungsang Korean (NK Korean), which does not belong to either of the above two classes. That is, a non-local but bounded tone shift is found; a tone can shift non-locally but it is bounded within an adjacent domain in NK Korean. A constraint Bounding is proposed in order to explain this third type of tone shift.
5.
1998.08
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PAK Young-soo. 1998. English Sounds and the Degree of Their Acquiring Difficulty. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 79-106. This paper has intended to analyze the sounds of English and Korean including segmental and suprasegmental phonemes, and make a contrastive analysis between the sound systems of two languages, finally attempting to measure the degree of difficulty for Korean speakers to acquire English sounds. First, the vowels and consonants of two languages are accurately described, and allophonic variations are represented with phonological rules. In order to make a contrastive analysis of English and Korean, 8-order contrastive situations are set up, downgradingly from 1 to 8. In analyzing vowels average formant frequency of both English and Korean is used. The result of contrastive analysis of both languages is aligned according to 8-order contrastive situations. English vowels are allotted to the orders 1-2-4-7-8, but the nature of difficulty is relatively simple. The situation of consonants is somewhat different. The English consonants are allotted to the orders 1-2-3-4-7-8. But the orders 2, 3, 4 each has three subdivisions among themselves. This means that consonant sounds are complicated and presents more difficulty to Korean speakers. In order to prove the validity of these phonological orders, a test has been made with /b, s, d/ (order 7), /v, θ, ð/(order 2), and /r, l/(dark `l`: order 1, retroflexed `r`: order 2). The result roughly corresponds with the order theoretically set up: the achievement of order 7 sounds is much higher than that of order 2. The difference of syllable structure of English and Korean generally lies in the combinations of consonants and vowels. The structure of Korean syllable is (C)V(C), while English can have a structure of (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C) combination. As a result, Korean speakers are liable to insert vowels between English consonants, creating Foreignism. Each English word has its own stressed syllable, and the speaker of Kyungsang dialect has his own stress pattern: that is, puts stress on penultimate syllable as in *sha´mpoo, *gu´itar, etc. This stress pattern of Kyungsang dialect causes errors in the pronunciation of its speakers, as evidenced by the frequent erroneous pronunciation of everyday words like recent, orchard, insect, etc. The difficulty of English rhythm arises from the inherent difference of two languages: English keeps stress-timed rhythm and Korean syllable-timed rhythm. The average achievement of a performance test by 62 college freshmen with 20 short utterances is 44.7%, which indicates the difficulty of English rhythm to Korean speakers. This paper has made a rather thorough contrastive analysis between English and Korean sounds. Especially, with regard to syllable structure and prosodernes, extensive field tests have been made. Hopefully the result of this research can be utilized in effective teaching of English to Korean students.
6.
1998.08
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Sun Ok Park. 1998. Differences in Discourse Functions of Modal Auxiliaries and Quasi-Modals. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 107-131. The main concern of this study is to provide the English learners with the differences in discourse functions of will and be going to and suggest the differences can be applied to other modal auxiliaries and quasi-modals. Will has hypothetical condition and the speaker reaches his or her subjective prediction using the background experience and common sense. Be going to has present indication for the future event, so the speaker reaches his or her prediction based on the actual condition. The modal auxiliaries, must and can also have the speaker`s subjectivity while the corresponding quasi-modals, have to and be able to don`t.
7.
1998.08
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So, Sang-Ho. 1998. The Conversational Condition and Scalar Implicature. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 133-156. The purpose of this article is to reveal the explanatory power of the Conversational Condition on Horn scales proposed by Matsumoto(1995). Quantity implicatures are divided into two specific and important sub-cases: scalar Quantity implicatures, and clausal Quantity implicatures. The recognition of such scalar implicatures not only aids the understanding of the semantics of the general vocabulary in a language, but it also plays a crucial role in understanding the logical expressions in natural language, specifically the connectives, the quantifiers and modals. The clausal implicatures explain that the use of disjunction rather conveys that one has grounds for believing one or the other disjunct but does not know which. Whatever the correct semantic analysis of conditionals is, a number of troublesome features can be accounted for by means of implicature. One crucial notion in the Conversational Condition is that of an information-selecting maxim. This is the maxim that influences the choice between S and W. There are three subinstances of the Conversational Condition: the Quantity-2 Condition, the Relevance Condition, and the Non-obscurity Condition. The Conversational Condition can give a unified account of quite a wide range of examples involving the production and non-production of Quantity-1 implicatures.
8.
1998.08
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Kwon Young-Moon. 1998. Context and Acceptability. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 157-179. The purpose of this study is to investigate the acceptability or appropriateness of sentences or utterances in context. sentence is a grammatically arranged linguistic utterance made up of one word or more. Context means the grammatical word-order and the relation of words to other words in the syntactic text. And context plays an important role in determining the acceptability of utterances. Although some sentences are grammatical, they may not acceptable in the discourse context. Because most sentences are very heavily dependent on the contexts for their meaning and form. There are two majar factors which determine the word order of a given sentence. Firstly, sentences of a particular language are formed according to its syntactic tales. Secondly, a given sentence with its basic formation or word arrangement should be rearranged according to the discourse context to which the sentence belongs. Therefore, any description of language structure would be incomplete without taking account of various contextual factors.
9.
1998.08
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Lee Bok-hee. 1998. Coherence and Relevance Principle in Discourse Interpretation. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 181-196. Many coherence theorists set themselves two related goals: (a) to provide a theory of comprehension, explaining how discourses are understood; (b) to provide a theory of evaluation or appropriateness. Goal (a) is shared with relevance theory, which aims to provide a theory of comprehension. However, relevance theory has no explicit goal equivalent to (b). Giora`s interest is in goal (b). In particular, she suggests that relevance theory sheds no light on two main types of intuition: (a) local intuitions about when two adjacent discourse segments are related to each other or to a common topic; (b) global intuitions about when a text or discourse hangs together as a unit, rather than constituting a series of isolated remarks. This is the substantive issue in this paper I want to discuss.
10.
1998.08
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Lee, Bong-seon. 1998. A Semantic Analyisis of the Korean Discourse Marker `Keosigi. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 197-212. The purpose of this paper is to give a pragmatic description of the Korean discourse marker `keosigi`, that is, how a speaker uses it for his purpose and how a hearer interprets it in discourse. The conclusion of this study is summarized as follows; First, the charateristics and the definition of the Korean discourse marker are given. Second, the relevance theory is suggested in which all the pragmatic uses of the discourse marker are inferred. Third, some discourse properties of `keosigi` are examined in accordance with relevance in the context where it is used.
11.
1998.08
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Kim Woo-Dal. 1998. A Review of Sociolinguistic Explanation about Sex Differences. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 213-229. This paper briefly reviews what we calling `sociolinguistic explanation`, and proposes that the main explanations advanced that women tend to produce speech closer to the standard in pronunciation than that of men are in terms of sociological factors external to language such as status consciousness or solidarity. And this paper tried to show the explanations most commonly put forward to account for sex-difference findings are presumed to be inadequate, and sociolinguists have not considered the specific conditions of women`s lives. Too little attention has been paid to the places of women in economic and social organisation; too little is known about the nature and values of women`s subcultures, and often this lead to an assumption that `vernacular culture` is a uniform and exclusively masculine phenomenon. This study proposes that differences in women`s and men`s language are regularly associated with changes in language and the changes are toward on the bases of language and social environments which are opened to both sexes on various job opportunities in the advanced society of capitalistic economy.
12.
1998.08
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Kim, Tae-Yeop. 1998. A Morphological Interpretation of Korean Sentence Ending Elements. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 231-252. The main purpose of this paper is to interpret the Korean sentence ending elements in morphological terms. The sentence ending elements in Korean are composed of one or more elements, one of which is obligatory. The ending elements are analyzed into two types, "equipped" and "unequipped". The former is obligatory to terminate a sentence. The latter is further divided into two types: the one which has undergone functional shift from conjunctive-ending elements, the otrher from free final ending elements.
13.
1998.08
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Park Man-do. 1998. A Study on the Improvement of Language Teaching Practice in Junior College. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 253-276. The purpose of this study is to analyze the present situation of language teaching practice in Junior Colleges, and to propose a way to improve it. This is achieved by comparing and analyzing questionnaires that describe teachers` and students` responses in language learning. The language laboratory has played an important role in improving students` ability to speak English, but it has been analyzed that there are many problems to be improved and complemented in both teachers teaching and students learning of English. So professors and college administrators involved in students learning of foreign language should all find in the review of effective language curriculum: new teaching methods, reading materials, smaller class sizes, and educational facilities. This paper suggests that the effective operation of the new Multimedia laboratory should be necessarily needed to improve students` good command of English, including its advantages over the existing language laboratory. Furthermore, the following topics will be examined in order to point out various aspects and problems of language teaching practice. (1) Lesson types relevant to English (2) Comparison and analysis of practical use in the language laboratory (3) Presentation of suitable models through examination of students` interests (4) Effective teaching methods in language teaching practice.
