간행물
현대문법연구 KCI 등재 Studies in Modern Grammar
- 발행기관 현대문법학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 계간
- ISSN 1226-3206 (Print)2713-5780 (Online)
- 수록기간 1992 ~ 2021
- 주제분류 인문학 > 언어학 인문학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 745DDC 425
권호리스트/논문검색
제66권 (2011년 12월) 10건
1.
2011.12
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This paper aims to examine the diachronic development of gerunds and analyze their internal structure and grammatical function. In OE and Early ME nominal gerunds behaved like nouns describing actions. From Late ME and onwards nominal gerunds began to acquire verbal properties. A verbal gerund in Present-Day English is composed of mixed projections [＋N,＋V]. The [＋N]-feature denoting nominal properties is related to licensing a gerund's logical subject. The [＋V]-feature denoting verbal properties is connected with licensing its verbal complement. So, it is necessary to stipulate a functional category Gerund Phrase in the internal projection of gerunds. Thus, the head Ger of the Gerund Phrase makes it possible to combine nominal and verbal features within the 'V＋ing'. The Ger bears the uninterpretable verbal feature [＋V] that is checked against the interpretable feature [V] of the verbal complement. It also bears the interpretable nominal feature [＋N] that functions as a nominalizer and guarantees a gerund's logical subject. As for the Case identification of a gerund's logical subject, it is spelled out as a genitive at the DP level when it is selected as the genitive form morphologically. But it is spelled out as an accusative when EPP attracts a nominal element as a clausal gerund's logical subject onto the FinP-TPdef level where the [FinP－finiteness] renders default Case feature to be accusative.
2.
2011.12
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This paper examines the change of frequency of the core modal auxiliaries will/would, shall/should, can/could, may/might, and must in the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) covering 1810 to 2009. The most common modals used in this period were would (average 2,827.69 per mil), followed by will (2,262.94), can (1,783.77), could (1,782.83), may (1,138.85), should (1,081.55), must (1,019.18), might (729.83) and shall (609.54). The top four modals accounts for 65.4%. The general trend is a significant decline in use of core modals with time: In a simple comparison between 1810s and 2000s, shall reveals the most remarkable decline (-97.23%), then follows must (-78.34%), may (-77.76%), will (-65.48%), should (-59.21%), can (-29.53%), might (-27.17%), would (-17.13%), though can and would shows repetition of rises and falls, and could shows a rise in frequency. This paper shows that the decline of core modals goes along with the increase of such lexical verbs as semi-auxiliaries and main verbs, and argues for grammaticalization and democratization as the determinants of this change: The increase of lexical verbs is due to a 'renewal' in a grammaticalization process and the notable loss of must and shall is related to the sociocultural change of democratization.
3.
2011.12
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Measure noun phrases (MP), canonically realized in the form of X of Y, display such grammatical complexities that they challenge both theoretical linguists as well as even advanced EFL learners. MPs individuate and give classificatory information about Y, but induces grammatical indeterminacy with respect to number concord, selectional restriction, and modification patterns. This paper investigates the uses of MPs in the English corpus COCA and secondary-level English textbooks in Korea to shed light on the direction of better understanding of their properties both in theoretical and EFL contexts.
4.
2011.12
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To examine morphological processing of past tense in English, we set up an ERP-based experiment where the participants read stem forms of regular and irregular verbs presented by using the repetition priming paradigm: the stem forms were either preceded by their past tense forms (primed condition: walked-walk, hold-held) or by their past tense forms of unrelated verbs (unprimed condition: stayed-walk, taught-held). The difference in ERP responses between the primed and unprimed stems was taken as showing morphological priming effects. In the previous studies (e.g., Münte et al. (1999)), native speakers of English elicited the reduced N400 in regular verbs, but not in irregular verbs. However, this study found an N400 reduction in the primed condition in both regular and irregular verbs. The reduced N400 effects were also manifested in control conditions: phonological words and the regular nonce verbs. These effects show that Korean L2 learners process regular and irregular forms in an identical way, whereas native speakers processed regular and irregular forms using a dual route reported in the previous studies. To conclude, Korean L2 learners do not process morphologically as native speakers do. There are some factors that affect L2 processing. First, L1 speakers use grammatical (=morphological/syntactic) information in language processing, but L2 learners do not. According to Clahsen and Felser (2006), L2 learners' grammatical processing capacity is limited. Second, L1 is acquired implicitly by children, but L2 is learned explicitly in formal classrooms. Finally, with maturational changes, late L2 learners use a declarative memory system rather than a procedure memory system in L2 grammatical processing.
5.
2011.12
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Chomsky’s (1995) theory of movement is mainly based on the determinism in the sense that a derivation is determined by featurechecking under the last resort condition. An alternative theory of movement would be based on the non-determinism in the sense that a derivation is not determined by feature-checking under the last resort condition but accounted for in terms of various interpretive systems. In fact, various attempts for the non-determinism have been proposed even within the deterministic frameworks. For example, even if Chomsky (2008) basically maintains the deterministic basis of feature checking for the theory of movement especially for A-movements, he tries to adopt a non-deterministic approach for some A'-movements without much success within his deterministic framework. On the other hand, recently Chomsky (2008) has proposed the notion of “free merge”, which I claim crucially supports the non-determinism even if he does not specifically claim so, probably due to his current deterministic position. This paper shows that the non-determinism based on the theory of unmarked vs. marked internal merge (IM) is more explanatory than the determinism along with the probe-goal feature checking (Chomsky 2000, 2001). The non-determinism based on the theory of unmarked vs. marked internal merge naturally captures the fact that a most significant distinction in movement is the one between unmarked vs. marked internal merge. That is, the unmarked internal merge (IM) is predominant over the marked internal merge across languages. It will be argued that along with the notion of merge the non-determinism is better motivated than the determinism not only for phase-internal optional movements like clause-internal Scrambling in Korean but also for phase-internal obligatory movements like Subject-Raising in English. In fact, it will be claimed that every operation of merge is to induce some new interpretive effects so that the interpretive effects induced by every merge should “justify” the merge itself (EM and IM) (Barbiers 1995). Furthermore, the interpretive effects like topic and focus are not determined by certain head positions (Rizzi 2006) but by the operation of merge itself within the non-determinism. Indeed, the canonical interpretive effect like the scope effect is never dependent on any head. This paper will present a theory of movement in the broader context of the theory of merge, which would contribute to the theory of movement that would conform with the theory of language design (Chomsky 2005). In other words, I will try to answer the question why movement works the way it does through investigation of why merge works the way it does.
6.
2011.12
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This paper addresses the diverse, and seemingly disparate, uses of the term 'grammaticalization' and the terms closely related to it, and explores the consequences of such different terminology uses. Further, it looks at the recent claims disputing the usefulness of the terms suggesting that the states described by those terms are in fact epiphenomena. It is argued that such claims intending to invalidate the grammaticalization scholarship result from different conceptualization of 'grammar'. The concept of 'gramticalization' has attracted attention of language researchers in the functional paradigms, and has proved helpful for understanding not only the synchronic states of affairs of language but also the workings of the human cognition which enables the strategic uses of language in meaning negotiation between interlocutors. However, the term has variable names and has diverse conceptualizations by the researchers depending on their different persuasions. Identifying and differentiating these diverse labels for the self-same linguistic phenomena will be helpful for grammaticalization studies. By identifying the problems surrounding the ternology, this paper will show that such misconception is in fact due to a different interpretation of the terms involved. This paper intends to explicate the varied conception of grammaticalization terminology and their consequences.
7.
2011.12
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The goal of this study is to examine case markers in Korean, i.e., i/ka and (l)ul, from a communicative perspective. In particular, this study seeks to explain what communicative functions the case markers hold in actual conversation. Based on the empirical analysis of the data, this study claims that the case markers in Korean are not only used for encoding the syntactic case of a given argument but they are also used as a linguistic cue to help focus the listener's attention on the processing difficulty and the informational importance that the given argument denotes. It further argues that speakers of Korean strategically use the case markers as a means of facilitating successful communication with the listener.
8.
2011.12
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This paper critically reviews the development of the concept of parameter and its relation with word order. As is well known, generative grammar has developed and changed a number of models when confronted with theory internal contradictions. Though the consensus within the realm of generative grammar is for Kayne’s (1994) LCA and universal SHC hypothesis, this paper shows problems with these hypotheses, which will lead us to give up them at least for the analysis of Korean data. Consequently, we should get an alternative to LCA or maintain the word order parameter
9.
2011.12
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This paper argues against micro-parametric approaches to Korean macro-micro type multiple accusative constructions. It has been argued that macro-micro type multiple accusative constructions are derived through movement and deletion or through late merge of the second accusative marked nominal. However, the approaches cannot explain case alternation facts when the target construction is combined with -ko siphta. The paper claims that if the construction is explained under the assumption that dependent marking languages like Korean and Japanese use a different mode of syntactic combination from English, the case alternation facts in the ko-siphta construction are readily explained. Dependent marking languages use dependent markers (i.e., case markers) in deriving syntactic derivation and using accusative marked nominals consecutively without having intervening predicates in a sentence is interpreted as a very convenient device for squeezing ideas into one clause without explicitly expressing the relationship between the nominals.
10.
2011.12
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This study aims to show that 2nd person pronouns in English and Korean do not cover the grammatical category only. They show spatio-temporal indications of discourse covering extralinguistic categories such as politeness, respect, intimacy, solidarity, all of them social, pragmatic components. Our study also reveals the fact that both languages have employed honorific/common nominal expressions as a last resort to fill the blank caused by the inappropriateness of the pronoun. Another fact we discovered is that Korean has a more complicated hierarchy for 2nd person pronouns than English does, which is a reflect of strong/weak social hierarchy in both cultures.
