Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the components of gas produced by biomass pyrolysis gasification and biogas from bioreactor. These two gases are known as the main greenhouse gases that affect world climate change. This study has tried to investigate the characteristics of microwave heating reformation that seeks to convert the produced gas into valuable fuel energy. Through microwave reforming, a carbon receptor was used as two types of sludge char and commercial activated carbon. Regarding CH4 reformation, H2 was produced via thermal decomposition with generated carbon (C) that adsorbs on the active catalytic plate and reduces the active catalytic reaction. In the case of CO2 reformation, CO was produced via reaction with the carbon on the surface of the carbon receptor; this can solve the problem of removing the adsorbed carbon from the carbon receptor. Using the sludge char as the carbon receptor showed higher gas yields for H2 and CO than the commercial activated carbon receptor, while giving a comparatively higher heating value for the sludge char receptor. In addition, in the cases of lower temperature and residence time in the carbon captor, the CH4 and CO2 conversions and the reforming gas yields had lower values.

바이오매스 열분해･가스화 가스, 바이오 가스의 주성분인 메탄(CH4)과 이산화탄소(CO2)는 온실가스로 이러한 가스를 양질의 연료로 전환하고 아울러 온실가스문제도 해결하고자하는 개질기술(reforming technology)에 대한 관심과 연구가 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 개질과정에서는 고온반응 조건이 되거나 적당한 촉매의 도움이 필요하며, 최근 다양한 종류의 탄소물질(carbon material)을 이용한 CH4-CO2개질에 대한 연구가 수행중이다. 본 연구에서는 하수처리장에서 발생된 탈수 슬러지를 열분해 처리하여 생성된 슬러지 촤를 마이크로웨이브 탄소 수용체(MCR; Microwave Carbon Receptor)로 하여 개질특성을 파악하였고, 개질 대상가스 가스성상, 수용체 탄화물 종류, 개질온도와 체류시간변화에 따른 개질가스 전환특성 파악에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 온실가스인 메탄과 이산화탄소의 탄소 수용체 마이크로웨이브 가열 개질특성을 확인하기 위해 메탄과 이산화탄소를 각각 공급한 경우와 두 가스를 혼합하여 개질을 진행하였다. 일정시간이 지나면 탄소침착에 의해 전환율의 감소가 생기는 단독가스 개질실험과 달리 이산화탄소-메탄개질의 경우 메탄의 열적 분해 개질에 의해 클리닝이 되어 지속적으로 일정한 개질 전환이 유지 되었다. 활성탄을 비교 수용체로 하여 개질을 진행한 경우 상대적으로 낮은 촉매활성으로 수소와 일산화탄소 생성량이 슬러지 촤 탄소 수용체보다 작아 생성가스 발열량이 낮았다. 개질온도와 체류시간의 경우 온도가 높을수록, 배드 체류시간이 짧을수록 탄소 수용체에서 발생되는 국부 마이크로플라즈마(Microplasma) 증가로 인해 전환율과 생성가스 농도도 증가하는 결과를 나타냈다.

This study evaluates heavy metal(Cu and Cr) adsorption characteristics produced from food waste charcoal extracted in an optimal operation condition after analyzing activated charcoal of iodine adsorption and heavy metals that derived from an activation process of carbide by the developed by-products of food waste treatment facility using the methods from previous studies. As experiment apparatus, this study used a tube-shaped high temp furnace. The mixing ratio of by-products of food waste treatment facility, carbide, and activation component(ZnCl2) was 1:1. The experiment was proceeded as adjusting the activation temperature from 400 to 800℃ and activation time from 30 to 120 minutes. The optimal activation condition for iodine absorption was 90 minutes at 700℃ and by using the produced food waste charcoal, this study conducted an experiment on absorption of heavy metals (Cu and Cr) as changing pH of artificial wastewater and stirring time. As a result, pH 7 showed the highest heavy metal decontamination ratio and in terms of stirring time, it revealed balance adsorption after 10 minutes. This result can be particularly applied as basic data for recyclability of high concentration organic waste, by-products of food waste treatment facility, as an food waste charcoal.

Road runoff, one of non-point source pollutants, contains various heavy metals, most of which flow into discharge waters without being treated. The mechanism of removing the heavy metals in water is similar to that of removing micro-particles. Therefore, it is considered that it is possible to remove a lot of the heavy metals contained in the road runoff by filtering or absorbing them. In this paper, performed has been a basic study on the characteristics of UNFS (Up Flow Non-Point Source Filtering System) using carbide pellet and zeolite pellet as double-layer filtering mediums to treat the road runoff. The removal rate with filtering and absorption time has been shown as follows: 29.0% for Cr; 27.8% for Cd; 25.7% for Fe; 25.4% for Co; 21.2% for Pb; 19.6% for Zn; 18.2% for Al; 17.0% for Mn; 11.3% for Ni; 7.5% for Cu. The overall removal rate according to influx change has been shown to be approximately 30%, and the load of heavy metals flowing out in initial precipitation could be reduced by using carbide as a recycling filtering medium. When the removal as coarse particles settle is added up, it is expected that UNFS will result in a higher removal rate.