Hundreds of scientists are involved in the various climatic fields of research. Few of them have attempted to review some of research work already published. However, to our knowledge there has been no such work to overview the whole journal of research. Field experts have their own approach to understand the existing problems and school of thoughts for research aptitude. Thus, the review of numerous researches in the area of climatic issues is a little bit thorny. This study reveals a brief overview on the different aspects of climate. The journal of Pakistan Journal of Meteorology (a biannual online journal) from 2004 to 2009 (issues 1-10) has been overviewed in this paper. This work shows an intense effort of the contribution of climatic research in Pakistan Journal of Meteorology. In this respect, this journal covers a vide range of climatic issues from the climate forecast, the impact assessment, the climate change and vulnerability, the long range forecast, and especially the rainfall patterns.

본 연구의 목적은 자아 효능감, 교사 효능감, 코칭 자신감에 대한 개념 뿐만 아니라 관련 있는 코칭 자신감 구성의 프레임웍에 대한 문헌연구를 제공하는 데 있다. Bandura(1977)의 자아 효능감 개념, Denhamr 과 Michael(1981)의 교사 효능감에 대한 다차원적 모델, Park(1992)의 코칭 자신감 측정, Moon 과 Park(1995)의 코칭 자신감 Ⅱ측정, Feltz 등(1999)의 코칭 유능감의 개념적 모형을 사용해서, 코칭 자신감 개념적 프레임웍의 개요를 제시하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구에서는 코칭 자신감에 대한 문제점과 미래방향을 제시하였다.

An emergy analysis of the main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems was made including environmental energies, fuels, and imports, all expressed as solar emjoules. The total emergy use (4,373 E20 sej/yr) is 90 per cent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. The emergy flows from the environment are modest, because the share of global inputs such as rain and geological uplift flux is modest. Consequently, the ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources is already large, like other industrialized countries. The population level is already in excess of carrying capacity. The emergy use per person in Korea indicates a moderate emergy standard of living, even though the indigenous resource is very poor. If the present economy were running entirely on stored reserves of fuels, soils, woods, etc., it would last about 2 years. Its carrying capacity for steady state on its renewable sources is only 3.3 million people, compared to 43.3 million in 1991. Continued availability of foreign oil at a favorable balance of emergy trade, currently about 7 to 1 net emergy, is the basis for present economic activity and must decrease as the net emergy of foreign oil purchased goes down. Close economic integration with Middle East may determine how long this is possible in the future.