최근 시멘트 콘크리트 포장의 아스팔트 덧씌우기 포장을 유지보수 공법으로 채택할 경우 반사균열이 다수 발생하여 유지보수 비용 증가로 이루어지고 있다. 반사균열 발생일 지연시키기 위하여 다양한 재료 및 공법을 사용하고 있으나 이에 대한 효과를 정확하게 평 가하는 시험방법 및 평가기준이 미비한 상태이다. 미국에서도 반사균열 문제로 인하여 유지보수 비용이 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 아스 팔트 함량을 높게 하고 개질제 및 그리드를 사용하여 반사균열 발생을 지연시키려는 노력을 하고 있다. 미국 및 선진국에서는 반사균열 평가 시험법으로 Texas Overlay Tester를 범용으로 사용하고 있으며, 반사균열 저항성 평가에 유일무 이한 장비로 알려져 있다. 최근 93%에 이르는 하중 감소율에 도달하는 하중 재하횟수 시험에 시간적 노력과 편차가 크다는 논란이 재 기되어 1000회 까지만 수행하여 균열발생(crack initiation)과 균열전파(crack propagation) 특성울 계산하여 보다 역학적인 방법에 의한 반 사균열 저항성 평가가 시도되고 있다. 밀입도, PSMA, 구스, 그리드 보강 아스팔트 혼합물에 대한 Overlay Tester를 이용하여 반사균열 수행을 수행하였으며, 이에 대한 균 열발생과 균열 전파 특서을 정량화 하여 비교 분석을 실시하였다.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the statistical behavior of fatigue crack propagation(FCP) in magnesium alloy AZ31. FCP tests have been performed on compact specimens of AZ31 at load ratio conditions and maximum fatigue load conditions to obtain statistical data of FCP. It was found that the variability of fatigue crack propagation rate was significantly large at initial stage of FCP and gradually became smaller as the fatigue crack propagated. The finding of the study showed that increasing the load ratio could increase the variability of fatigue crack propagation rate at initial FCP stage. The samller the load ratio, the higher the fatigue crack propagation rate at initial stage. It was also found that the load ratio is a factor affecting the fatigue crack propagation rate in magnesium alloy.

In this study, corrosion fatigue crack propagation was investigated in pH buffer environment using the giga strength steel and its heat-affected zone, and the results were compared with theoretical model prediction. Also, the pure corrosion effect on fatigue crack propagation in a corrosive environment was compared with the modified Forman equation. As results, the average value of corrosion rate obtained as the ratio of the net corrosion-induced crack length to the total crack length under cyclic loading in the base metal and heat-affected zone under experimental loading conditions. These results exhibit a new theoretical method for corrosion fatigue crack propagation that predicts a purely corrosion effect on the behavior to be determined.

Thick-walled pressure vessel has been autofrettaged in order to improve the fatigue life of the pressure vessel. The compressive tangential residual stress near the bore of the pressure vessel due the autofrettage process is benefical to the fatigue crack initiation and propagation of the pressure vessel. However, a reverse yielding due to the Bauschinger effect during the unloading process in autofrettage causes the reduction of the compressive residual stress near the bore. In order to evaluate the fatigue crack propagation life of the autofrettaged thick-walled pressure vessel, the Bauschinger effects were considered. Stress intensity factors of the crack at the inside surface of the pressure vessel due to operating pressure loading of 707 MPa and autofrettage loading with different levels of overstrain were calculated by using finite element methods, and used for evaluating fatigue crack propagation lives. Fatigue lives of the pressure vessel with the Bauschinger effects resulted in 45% to 67% reductions in fatigue life compared to those of the pressure vessel with ideal residual stress distributions depending on the autofrettage level.

This paper presents a dynamic crack propagation algorithm with Rayleigh damping effect based on the MLS(Moving Least Squares) Difference Method. Dynamic equilibrium equation and constitutive equation are derived by considering Rayliegh damping and governing equations are discretized by the MLS derivative approximation; the proportional damping, which has not been properly treated in the conventional strong formulations, was implemented in both the equilibrium equation and constitutive equation. Dynamic equilibrium equation including time relevant terms is integrated by the Central Difference Method and the discrete equations are simplified by lagging the velocity one step behind. A geometrical feature of crack is modeled by imposing the traction-free condition onto the nodes placed at crack surfaces and the effect of movement and addition of the nodes at every time step due to crack growth is appropriately reflected on the construction of total system. The robustness of the proposed numerical algorithm was proved by simulating single and multiple crack growth problems and the effect of proportional damping on the dynamic crack propagation analysis was effectively demonstrated.

상태 기반 페리다이나믹 모델은 일반적인 재료 구성 모델을 구현할 수 있고 비국부 영역 내에서 연결된 모든 결합의 변형을 통해 각 절점의 재료 응답이 결정되기 때문에 체적 및 전단 변형을 모두 표현할 수 있다. 따라서 상태 기반 모델은 복잡한 동적 취성 파괴 현상(분기균열, 2차 균열, 계단균열, 균열 유착 등)을 해석하는데 유용하다. 본 논문에서는 평면응력 탄성체에 대해 2차원 상태 기반 페리다이나믹 모델을 적용하고 에너지해방율과 페리다이나믹 에너지 포텐셜로부터 손상 모델을 구성하였다. 페리다이나믹 파괴 해석 모델을 통해 취성 유리 재료에 대해 균열 면에 평행한 압축 응력파가 균열 분기 패턴에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 실험을 통해 관찰된 동적 균열 진전 및 분기 패턴에 대한 주요 특성들이 페리다이나믹 해석을 통해 확인되었다. 또한 강한 인장 하중 하의 계단균열과 이차균열 등이 상태 기반 페리다이나믹 시뮬레이션을 통해 잘 모사가 되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 논문은 MLS(Moving Least Squares) 차분법을 바탕으로 동적균열전파 해석을 수행하기 위한 알고리즘을 제시한다. MLS 차분법은 절점만으로 이루어진 수치모델을 사용하며, 이동최소제곱법을 이용하여 전개한 Taylor 다항식을 기초로 미분근사식을 유도하기 때문에, 요소망의 제약에서 완벽하게 벗어난 절점해석이 가능하다. 시간항을 포함하는 동적 평형방정식은 Newmark 방법으로 시간적분 하였다. 동적하중을 받는 균열이 전파할 때, 매 시간단계마다 절점모델을 재구성하지 않고 균열선단 주변에서 국부적인 수정을 통해 해석이 가능하다. 동적균열을 묘사하기 위해 가시한계법(visibility criterion)을 적용하였고, 동적 에너지해방률을 산정하여 균열의 진전유무와 그에 상응하는 진전방향을 결정하였다. 모드Ⅰ 상태와 혼합모드 상태에서 균열이 진전하는 현상을 모사하였고, 이론해와 Element-Free Galerkin법으로 계산한 결과와의 비교를 통해 개발된 알고리즘의 정확성과 안정성을 검증하였다.

이 논문에서는 단일방향 및 크로스-플라이 섬유강화 복합재에서의 동적 균열 전파를 모사하기 위해 특별히 고안된 스펙트랄 방법의 정식화와 수치적 구현 방법에 대해 제시한다. 이 방법은 균열면에서 작용하는 힘과 변위 사이의 스펙트랄 관계식에 기초하고 있고, 재료는 횡등방성 고체로 가정된다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방법에 의해 섬유보강 복합재에서 전파하는 균열문제가 대해 검토 해석되며, 실험 및 문헌에 나와 있는 결과와 비교된다. 이 방법은 FRP 보강 철근 콘크리트 구조물에서의 균열해석문제에 직접 적용이 가능하다.

응력부식균열(SCC) 감수성평가를 위한 여러 시험방법들중 저변형율시험방법은 비교적 ?은 시간내에 금속재료의 SCC감수성을 평가하기 위한 효과적인 시험방법이다. 그러나 저변형율 시험방법만으로 SCC과정의 미시적 파괴거동ㅇ르 분석하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 종래, 음향방출(AE)시험은 재료의 파괴과정시 미시균열의 개시 및 전파거동을 감시하는데 유효한 기법으로 잘 알려져 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 저변형율시험과 음향방출시험을 이용하여 SCC의 전파과정과 AE신호 특성사이의 상호관계를 분석하였다. 실험결과, 재료의 미시파괴 과정에서 발생하는 AE신호들은 뚜렷히 시험환경에 의존하였으며, 인공해수중에서 SCC과정시 발생된 AE신호 특성은 Air상태 보다 상당히 크게 나타났다. 그리고 SCC거동은 AE신호의 진폭인자로서 명확하게 평가할 수 있다.

In this paper, the corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior of structure rolled steel (SWS 41C) was investigated by changing the thickness, and this experiment was done by the three point bending corrosion fatigue tester. The main results obtained are as follows: 1) As the thickness of specimen becomes thicker, the corrosion sensitivity to initial stage crack becomes some sensitive, and that the fatigue life becomes more sensitive. 2) The crack growth rate to initial stage crack (da/dN) was retarded as the thickness of specimen becomes thicker. But after initial stage crack, as the thickness of specimen is more thicker, da/dN is more rapid. 3) As the corrosion fatigue crack length grows, the accelerative factor of thick specimen (t=12mm) is more higher than that of thin specimen (t=6mm). 4) As the corrosion fatigue crack length grows, the corroson potential of both thick specimen and thin specimen becomes more less noble potential, however thick specimen (t=12mm) tends to more less noble potential than that of thin specimen(t=6mm).

The SMC composite, now being considered in certain structural applications, is anticipated to experience repeated loading during service. Thus, understanding of the fatigue behavior is essential in proper use of the composite material. In this paper, using the SMC composite composed of E-glass chopped strand and unsaturated polyester resin three point bending fatigue tests are carried out to investigate the fatigue crack propagating behavior under various cyclic stresses and fatigue damage of various microcrack forms. The following results are obtained from this study; 1) Most of the total fatigue life of the SMC composite is consumed at the initial extension or the growth of the macroscopic crack. 2) A Paris' type power-law relationship between the crack propagation rate and stress intensity factor range is obtained, and the value of material constant m is much higher (m=9~11)than that of other metals. 3) In case of high cyclic stress the fatigue damage show high microcrack density and short crack length, but in case of low cyclic stress does it vice versa. 4) Fatigue damage is characterized by microcrack density, crack length and distribution of crack orientation.

Recently with the rapid development in marine and shipbuilding industries such as marine structures, ships and chemical plants, it takes much interest in the study of corrosion fatigue characteristics that was close up an important role in mechanical design. In this study, characteristics of corner crack propagation on the base metal and heat affected zone of 5086 Al-Alloy was tested by using of a rotary bending fatigue tester and was investigated under the environments of specific resistance, σ=25Ω cm and air. The corrosion fatigue crack initiation and corrosion fatigue life sensitivity were quantitatively inspected for 5086 Al-Alloy in the specific resistance, σ=25Ω cm. Main results obtained are as follows: (1) The corrosion sensitivity of heat affected zone under specific resistance, σ=25Ωcm shows approximately 1.69~2.22 and corrosion sensitivity of base metal is more susceptible than that of heat affected zone. (2) The corrosion fatigue life sensitivity on heat affected zone decreases eminently than that of initial corrosion fatigue crack. (3) The characteristics of quarter elliptical corner crack propagation shows that depth crack is more grown than surface crack at crack initiation, but the surface crack is more propagated than depth crack as the crack propagation is increased. (4) The surface crack and depth crack growth on heat affected zone by softness show delayed phenomenon than that of base metal.

The depth of a surface-breaking crack in a concrete slab is characterized by using airborne surface wave transmission measurements. Two air-coupled sensors are used to measure surface waves across surface-breaking cracks with varying depths from 0 mm to 100 mm in a concrete slab (1500 X 1500 X 180 mm3). Resulting transmission coefficient and crack depth relation from a series of experimental studies shows a good agreement with theoretical results previously obtained by the author.