본 논문은 보컬 앙상블(Vocal Ensemble)이 효과적으로 나타난 밴드 퀸(Queen)의 4집 앨범「어나잇 앳더 오페라(A Night At the Opera)」의 수록 곡 중‘보헤미안 랩소디(Bohemian Rhapsody)’를 선행 연구 곡으로 선정하여 분석 하였다. 보컬 앙상블 기법은 보컬 앙상블 유형과 보컬 앙상블 패닝 두 가지로 분석하였고 보컬 앙상블 유형은 분석 후 악보화 하였으며, 보컬 앙상블 패닝은 스펙트로그램(Spectrogram)을 사용하여 분석하였다.‘보헤미안 랩소디’에서 보컬 앙상블 유형에 따라 패닝을 효과적으로 사용하여 보컬 앙상블이 돋보이는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 연구 결과에 따라 보컬 앙상블을 필요로 하는 음악과 작곡가, 편곡가들에게 활용 방안을 제시하였다.

This study is about Yoo Young-kuk's early works which show constructivism, especially focus on his debut painting, <Rhapsody> for the 7th Dokuritsu Bijutsu Kyokai(独立美術協會, the Independent Fine Arts Association) in Tokyo in 1937. The work was painted 2 years after he had started his study in Japan in 1935. It was the first painting that applied Constructivism. <Rhapsody> played an important role for Constructivism to be a leading art in his abstraction. After this picture, Yoo was soon devoted to the principles of Constructivism-- Faktura(material), Tektonika (tectonics), Tekhnika(technique), space, construction-- in his painterly reliefs. This article examined why Yoo concentrated on Constructivism for <Rhapsody>, what the characteristics were, and what influences were on other works from 1935 to 1949. In addition, I investigated in which period <Rhapsody> was painted and how Constructivism was spread in 1930s and early 1940s in chapter 2. I scrutinized Rhapsody in chapter 3. When Yoo created <Rhapsody> Japan was under the Fifteen Years War(1931- 1945), and a major discourse was the Japanese Spirit at that time. It was connected with construction of an ideal nation which the Japanese ultra-national fascism pursued. This ideological pursuit was intended to unite the Japanese people for total war system and to restore a national dignity which had been fallen down due to Manchurian Incident(1931). Thus, on the hand, Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai(国際文化振興会, The Society for International Cultural Relations) and the Nippon Kosaku Bunka Renmei(日本工作文化連盟, Japanese Werkbund) were supported financially by the Japanese government. On the other hand, the government enacted regulations to opposing parties which would distract Japanese people's unification. As for the Japanese art world, the merge of art groups was carried out through remodeling of Teikoku Bijutsuin(帝国美術院, The Imperial Fine Arts Academy) in 1935. This brought out continuous dispute and disorder. Young artists who felt difficulty of entering an entry of Imperial Fine Arts Exhibition repeatedly grouped and disbanded for small art groups to build their standing, which they pursued Surrealism and Abstract art. Among them Constructivism was considered as the latest trend and was popular in craft, design, architecture as well as fine arts. In the year before he painted <Rhapsody>, Avant-garde theatres including Constructivism theatre were introduced in a feature article of September, 1936 in Atelier, which was dealing with mainly avant-garde arts. Books related with Constructivism were translated into Japanese, and Gestaltung Education had become active since the publication of A Compendium of Gestaltung Education( 構成敎育大系 (1934)), Salvador Dali(1904-1989) was also introduced, so Surrealism was drawn more attention by young artists. <Rhapsody> reflected popular trends. Yoo analyzed the Japanese avant-gardists' archaic taste in the Independent Art Association that he submitted his painting to. And then he entitled ‘Rhapsody’ which derives from Ancient Greek's epic poetry and deliberately set up images in a scene. In chapter 3, I examined a theme which was planned carefully by sorting favorite images from the Japanese Surrealism. <Rhapsody> was a result that Yoo Young-kuk observed objectively the phenomenon that young artists dreamt of Utopia or longed for Nostalgia passively and lethargically under wars. And then he otherized himself from that circumstance. First of all, for <Rhapsody> he used the typical icons of Japanese Surrealism such as the horizon, flowing clouds, and vast plain that were considered stereotypes of Arcadia. He, however distinguished himself form those Japanese Surrealists. He made his own vision about Utopia by referring Lyubov Popova(1889-1924)'s stage design. His objective point of view was expressed by positive and dynamic images of structure and human's actions. Constructivism which was attempted in <Rhapsody> had an effect on other early constructive works, and the principles of Constructivism were sought hard in reliefs, paintings, and photos.

｢바람 부는 밤의 랩소디｣의 공간적 배경이 현실이 아닌 악몽과 같은 꿈속이고 시간적 배경은 하루 중 가장 어두운 시간인 자정 열두 시에서 네 시 사이로 유령이 출몰하는 시간으로 알려진 시간이다. 그곳에 고독과 우울에 사로잡힌 화자가 있었다. 현실을 살아가는 화자의 꿈속에서 그가 기억의 밑바닥을 체험하게 된다는 줄거리는 자체만으로도 악몽과 같은 스토리가 될 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 독자의 관점에서 베르그송의 기억원리를 대입하여 화자의 기억을 해체하고 해결점을 구하는 데 의의를 두었다. 가로등이 제시하는 순수기억 속에서 화자는 자신의 부분기억을 발견한다. 그의 기억은 어린 시절부터 있었던 도둑질과 살인이었는데 마치 세상 모든 만물이 그에 대한 기억을 망각한 듯하였다. 하지만 달과 기억의 현현에서 화자는 기억이 소멸된 것이 아니라 영원히 남아있음을 목도하게 된다. 달의 만물을 쓰다듬는 손가락과 가로등의 ‘생명을 준비하라’는 마지막 명령, 열쇠, 층계에 놓인 작은 등불을 통하여 화자에게 희망을 암시한다. 화자의 내면의 ‘칼의 마지막 비틀림’을 통해 모든 죄와 기억이 달의 순수기억으로 깨끗이 정화되어 바뀌는 일련의 기억과정들을 엘리엇은 ｢랩소디｣를 통해 증명한다.