In the context of the rapid development of information technology and the continuous transformation of work patterns, the phenomenon of work-related electronic communication during non-working hours has become increasingly prevalent, and its impact on employees has become an important research topic. This study conducted in-depth interviews with 18 employees from different industries and job levels, and used open coding and axial coding to conduct an in-depth analysis of the interview results to construct the relevant main categories and content framework. Based on this, a questionnaire was designed and 526 valid questionnaires were obtained through the Questionnaire Star platform. Subsequently, through reliability analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a systematic and comprehensive measurement dimension system was finally constructed. This system includes two first-level indicators of internal personal traits and external communication situations, and is further subdivided into six second-level indicators and eight third-level indicators. The scale system constructed in this study provides a scientific empirical basis for enterprises in managing work-related electronic communication during non-working hours, helps enterprises gain an in-depth understanding of the behavior patterns and ability characteristics of employees in this context, and thus optimize management strategies. At the same time, employees can also better understand their own situation based on this scale system, and then adjust their own behaviors and mindsets in a targeted manner to achieve a balance between work and life.