It is noted that Dioscorea quinqueloba is a medicinal herb that is widely used to treat cardiovascular disease and is assessed as useful to treat other various medical conditions. The immunopotentiating effects of the protein extract (DQP-1) from Dioscorea quinqueloba were thus formally investigated in vivo under incident of cold stress. In this case study, the spleen and thymus weight in mice was shown to have decreased after a measured exposure to cold stress, while the adrenal gland weight in the mice was shown to have increased. The systematic oral administration of DQP-1 significantly recovered the weight loss of the spleen and suppressed the adrenal gland hypertrophy during the association with cold stress. Additionally, the DQP-1 also restored the ascorbic acid level in the adrenal gland reduced after cold stress. The cold stress exposure lowered the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the mouse thymus as determined by the flow cytometric analysis, as well as the levels of some serum immunological cytokines(interleukin-2, interleukin-12, and interferon-γ) in the studied mice. The resulting identified weakened immunity caused by cold stress was also recovered by a treatment with DQP-1. The DQP-1 significantly suppressed the formation of serum enzymes of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, which were systematically elevated during the cold stress episode. These results indicate that DQP-1 can improve immunity in mice that are characteristically weakened under stress.

서양종꿀벌(Apis mellifera)과 동양종꿀벌(Apis cerana)에서 온도 스트레스(4℃, 37℃)에 의한 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1)과 thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) 유전자발현 정도를 비교하였다. 그 결과 두 종 모두 처리 후 5시간까지 SOD1과 TrxR의 발현이 급격히 증가하다 차츰 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 스트레스 성 물질(MV, H2O2) 주입에서는 H2O2보다 MV에 의해 현저히 SOD1과 TrxR의 발 현이 증가하였다. 온도스트레스와 물질주입 스트레스 조건하에서 SOD1과 TrxR 의 효소활성을 측정한 결과, 발현시간보다 좀 더 늦은 시간대에서 최대 활성을 보였 다. 그리고 서양종꿀벌과 동양종꿀벌의 SOD1과 TrxR의 단백질 발현 특성을 구명 하기 위하여 E. coli expression system을 이용하였다. 그 결과 SOD1은 약 16 kDa 정도, TrxR은 약 60 kDa 정도의 위치에서 밴드가 관찰되었으며 항체를 이용한 Western blot 결과에서도 동일한 위치에서 밴드를 detection 하였다.

프로테오믹스 기법을 이용하여 벼 고온 스트레스 관련 단백질을 분리 동정하기 위하여 에서 고온처리한 벼의 줄기로부터 단백질을 분리하였다. 분리한 단백질로부터 Rubisco 단백질을 제거하기 위해 15% PEG fractionation을 실시한 후 상등액 분획의 단백질을 이차원전기 영동한 후, CBB 염색을 통해 차별적 발현을 보이는 단백질을 분석하였다. 총 46개의 단백질 spot이 발현양에 변화를 보였으며, 그 중 24개의 단백질이 고온 스트레스에 의해

프로테오믹스 기법을 이용하여 벼 저온 스트레스 관련 단백질을 분리 동정하기 위하여 저온 처리한 벼로부터 단백질을 분리하였다. 분리한 단백질로부터 Rubisco 단백질을 제거하기 위해 PEG fractionation을 실시한 후 PEG 상등액과 pellet 분획을 각각 이차원전기 영동으로 단백질을 분석하였고, MALDI-TOF MS를 이용하여 단백질을 동정하였다. PEG 상등액에서 8개의 단백질 spot이 증가하였고 10개의 spot 이 감소하였다. 증가

Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki와 aizawai의 내독소단백질을 알카리용액 또는 트립신, 곤충소화액 드응ㄹ 처리하여 전기영동한 후 단백질팬턴을 비교하였다. 두 균주의 주요 결정단백질은 130kd와 64kd의 단백질이었으며, 소화액이나 효소로 처리한 경우 공통적으로 62kd의 활성독소가 생성되었다. 그러나, aizawai는 kurstaki에 비해 현저히 적은 양의 62kd 단백질을 생성하였다. 흰불나방의 유충이 Bacillus thuringiensis 독소를 섭식하였을 때 지방체를 비롯한 몇 가지 조직에서 45kd의 스트레스 단백질이 유발되었는데 이 단백질은 열충격이나 저온 충격시에도 마찬가지로 생성되었다.

Water temperature is one of the most important factors of fish survival, affecting the habitat, migration route, development, and reproduction. This experiment studied the induction level of heat shock protein (HSP70) mRNA and protein in a walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) primary hepatocyte culture based on different temperatures. Hepatocytes were attached at 7.5 °C for 24 hours. Hsp70 induction levels were then measured for 48 hours at 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 °C. The induction level was lowest at 5 °C and generally increased with temperature until 14 °C. The induction level was reduced at 17 °C, indicating that 14 °C is the highest tolerable temperature for hepatocytes. These data indicate that primary hepatocyte cell culture is under no stress at 5 and 8 °C. Temperatures greater than 11 °C induce stress, showing similar induction patterns in both mRNA and protein in hepatocytes. The results suggest that 14 °C is the maximum internal defense temperature of walleye pollock survival.

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the yield of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). The objective of this study was to identify bio-marker, which is early responsive in salt stress in ginseng, using proteomics approach. Ginseng plants were exposed to 5 ds/m salt concentration and samples were harvested at 0, 6, 12 and 18 hours after exposure. Total proteins were extracted from ginseng leaves treated with salt stress using Mg/NP-40 buffer and were separated on high resolution 2-DE. Approximately 1003±240 (0 h), 992±166 (6 h), 1051±51 (12 h) and 990±160 (18 h) spots were detected in colloidal CBB stained 2D maps. Among these, 8 spots were differentially expressed and were identified by using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS or/and LC-MS/MS. Ethylene response sensor-1 (spot GL 1), nucleotide binding protein (spot GL 2), carbonic anhydrase-1 (spot GL 3), thylakoid lumenal 17.9 kDa protein (spot GL 4) and Chlorophyll a/b binding protein (spot GL 5, GL 6) were up-regulated at the 12 and 18 hour, while RuBisCO activase B (spot GL 7) and DNA helicase (spot GL 8) were down-regulated. Thus, we suggest that these proteins might participate in the early response to salt stress in ginseng leaves.