In recent decades, there has been a tendency to frame language abilities as a set of technical skills that can be defined, quantified, measured, predicted and ultimately controlled. Language Policy and Planning (LPP), which is commodified, over-rationalized, technologized, and monolingually driven, has led to the current conventions of developing curriculum, materials, and tests of language learning in multicultural education. The purpose of this study is to examine the neoliberal (dominant) and alternative discourses on the LPP in Korean linguistic societies. It was firstly discussed that the neoliberal discourses have been ideologically embedded with economism, rationalism, technocentrism, and neoliberalism. Then the alternative discourses were explored through relevant literature in lingua franca, ecological linguistic environment, metrolingualism, and translingual practice. It was argued that neoliberally driven LPP restricts the use of different languages other than Korean-only or English-only, and, therefore, discriminate lingua franca users, metrolingual, ecolinguals, and translinguals. Following the critical views on the current LPP, further research issues regarding postcolonial translingualism, critical discourse analysis, poststructuralism, language-as-resource ideologies were suggested. As the neoliberal approach to LPP has become a common phenomenon, the meaningfulness should be seriously questioned in fast-approaching multicultural contexts of communication in Korea.

The aim of this paper is firstly to address the affinity between globalization and Pentecostal spirituality and secondly to hint that Progressive Pentecostalism might be a successor to Liberation Theology. Globalization (‘the market revolution’) and Pentecostalization (‘the spiritual revolution’) are surely under way. Pentecostalism has often been otherworldly, emphasizing personal salvation to the exclusion of any attempt to transform social reality, whereas Progressive Pentecostalism continues to affirm the apocalyptic return of Christ but also believes that Christians are called to be good neighbors, addressing the social needs of people in their community. Progressive Pentecostals are leading heroic self-sacrificial lives. Pentecostalism and Liberation Theology share the idea that salvation includes effects on material life in this world. In liberation language this pertains to social, economic, and political liberation of historical existence, and in Pentecostalism it applies to healing. Some Pentecostal theologians such as E. Villafane, M. Volf, R. Beckford, and Jang-Hyun Rhu are extending the idea of healing to the social condition of existence.

본 연구는 1990년대 중반 이후 본격화된 신자유주의 교육개혁이 정부에 의한 강력한 행정적 통제와 수요자 중심 개혁 논리를 기반으로, 전문직으로서 교직의 정체성을 약화시키고 있다는 문제인식에서 교직의 전문성 강화를 위한 대안적 논의들을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 교직을 보는 전통적 관점과 전문직 기준에 대한 비판적 분석을 토대로 교사에 대 한 행정적 통제 강화에 따른 교직의 비전문화, 탈전문화, (감정)노동자로서 교사 개념의 발달 등 을 논의하였다. 이러한 분석을 토대로 교직의 전문성을 재정립, 강화하기 위한 대안적 논의들로 Lauglo(1995)의 신전문주의, Whitty(2000)의 협동적·민주적 전문성, Hargreaves와 Fullan(2012)의 전문적 자본 개념을 제시하였다.