The low participation of women in clinical trials of pharmaceuticals raises ethical issues that hinder accurate assessment of the safety and effectiveness of medicines by gender. Historically, clinical trials have been conducted primarily on men, and the thalidomide scandal further excluded women from participation. Despite policies to encourage women’s participation since 1986, women’s participation in clinical trials of pharmaceuticals remains low and needs to be improved. Given the lack of research on women’s physical characteristics and hormonal changes, increasing women’s participation in clinical trials of pharmaceuticals is essential to develop safe and effective medicines and improve public health, and improvements are needed to ensure equitable health outcomes by gender.

한국 사회에 미투 운동(Me Too Movement)은 사회적 약자인 여성에 대하여 사회 전반에 반성을 이끌었다. 그동안 한국의 전통 사회는 유교 전통의 강한 가부장 주의적인 성격으로 여성을 억압해왔고, 여성은 시대에 종속된 모습으로 기능적인 역할을 수행해왔다. 한국 사회에 개신교는 여성을 거듭난 존재와 새로워진 정체성을 가지게 하여 시대를 주도하는 존재로 인식시켰다. 초기 한국 교회의 여성들은 개인적 차원을 초월하여 타자에 대한 책임을 지고 한국 사회를 치유하려 는 선교의 길을 걸었다. 그러나 여성들은 근본주의적인 교회 안에서 차별을 기억하고 경험하였다. 한국 개신교 여성은 그들만의 유연함으로 한국 교회의 경직된 문화를 품고 있었다. 결국, 그들은 이 시대의 사명을 가지고 억압과 차별이 만연한 사회를 변화시켜가고 있던 것이 다. 또한 부당한 처우에도 이 시대를 품고 보듬어 가는 여성들의 사랑은 한국 개신교 역사에 존재하는 그들의 인내와 헌신을 통하여 갈등과 차별을 초월한 모습이 드러났다.

William Butler Yeats was born at Georgeville, Sandymount Avenue, Dublin, in 1865, and died in the South of France, in January 28, 1939. Yeats was fifty in 1915-1916. He provides a poetic rendering of his visionary experience at his fiftieth year in the fourth section of "Vacillation" written in November 1931, when he became absorbed in the philosophical thinking while writing A Vision: "My fiftieth year had come and gone,/ I sat, a solitary man,/ In a crowded London shop,/ An open book and empty cup/ On the marble table-top./ While on the shop and street I gazed/ My body of a sudden blazed;/ And twenty minutes more or less/ It seemed, so great my happiness,/ That I was blessed and could bless."(CPN 251). In May 9, 1917, recalling his fiftieth year, Yeats describes this experience in a prose, entitled "Anima Mundi": "Perhaps I am sitting in some crowded restaurant, the open book beside me, or closed, my excitement having overbrimmed the page. I look at the strangers near as if I had known them all my life, and it seems strange that I cannot speak to them: everything fills me with affection, I have no longer any fears of any needs; I do not even remember that this happy mood must come to an end. It seems as if the vehicle had suddenly grown pure and far extended and so luminous that the images from Anima Mundi, embodied there and drunk with that sweetness, would, like a country drunkard who has thrown a wisp into his own thatch, burn up time." (Myth 364-5) Seamus Heaney was born in April 13, 1939 in Count Derry, Northern Ireland, and has been attacking Yeats since 1980s for the latter's aristocratic mysticism and spiritual matters. Heaney gave a lecture at Oxford University in 1990, entitled "Joy or Night: Last Things in the Poetry of W. B. Yeats and Philip Larkin." This lecture was given at the end of his own fiftieth year and simultaneously commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of Yeats's death. In this lecture, Heaney comes to open up "a sudden comprehension" to Yeats's vacillating visionary experience of the spirit in "The Cold Heaven": "The spirit's vulnerability, the mind's awe at the infinite spaces and its bewilderment at the implacable inquisition which they representall of this is simultaneously present" (The Redress of Poetry 148). In "Fostering," a poem from Seeing Things (1991), Heaney professes his poetic admission of Yeatsian visionary position: "Me waiting until I was nearly fifty/ To credit marvels" (50). In short, Heaney reaches what Yeats did for the spiritual world. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate how Heaney reacts Yeats's poetry of vision. My focus is on the year fifty, when they erupt their creative energy in terms of "vacillation"which nevertheless shows the provocative and violent dynamism of the Yeatsian "interlocking gyres."