Universal grammar has exerted meaningful influence on the development of second language acquisition theories. SLA researchers working within UG have addressed the question whether second language developments are constrained by universal language principles. This paper reviews current developments in UG-based SLA research with a view to providing a better understanding of the role of UG principles in foreign language sentence structure development.

The object of language learning is to develop communicative competence. This paper intends to include gesture competence as an indispensable constituent in communicative competence. Gesture competence refers to the comprehension and production of different gestures from each culture. The main purpose of this paper is to place a high value upon the role of gesture competence as an entree accessible to the culture of the target language. This paper serves to help foreign language leamers recognize the importance of gesture competence with which they can speak a foreign language more naturally and more easily.