본 논문은 구레츠키(Henlyk Mikołaj Górecki, 1933-2010)라는 한 작곡가의 작품을 설명하는 데 있어서 ‘민족적-종교적 영향’, 독일을 중심으로 한 ‘새로운 단순성’(Neue Einfachheit) 또는 미국 에서 시작된 ‘미니멀음악’(minimal music)과 같이 상이한 개념이 혼용되어 사용되는 그 이유를 작 품 분석을 통해 확인한다. 구레츠키 창작경향의 변화에 근거하여 분석대상 작품의 시간적 범위와 장르 범위는 그의 1972 년 이후 아 카펠라(a cappella) 합창음악으로 한다. 60년대 말 관현악 작품 창작에서 드러나기 시 작한 ‘명료함’과 ‘단순함’으로 대변되는 그의 독자적인 창작세계의 어떤 내용들이 새로운 단순성 또 는 미니멀음악으로 규정될 수 있는지를 다음과 같은 연구 방법으로 접근한다. 아 카펠라 합창음악 분석에 들어가기 전에 그의 창작경향 변화를 간단하게 언급하여 본 연구의 분석대상 작품 선정의 타당성뿐 아니라, 1976년 작곡된 《교향곡 3번》에 교회음악 그리고 민속노래를 인용하면서 작곡가 가 확고히 한 그의 독자적인 음악어법을 확인한다. 작품 연구는 라틴어 텍스트로 작곡된 《그들은 떠났고 울었다》(Euntenes ibant et flebant op.32, 1972)와 폴란드 민속음악에서 가사와 선율에 기초하여 작곡된 《넓은 강》(Zeroka Woda op.39, 1979) 분석을 중심에 둔다. 이 두 작품 분석에서 공통으로 드러나는 음악적 특징들을 라틴 어를 텍스트로 한 《아멘》(Amen op.35, 1975), 《불쌍히 여기소서》(Miserere op.44, 1981), 《나는 당신의 소유》(Totus Tuus op.60, 1987), 그리고 폴란드 민속음악에 기초한 《나의 비스 와 강, 잿빛, 비스와 강》(My Vistula, grey Vistula op.46, 1981), 《세 개의 자장가》(Three Lullabies op.49, 1984, rev. 1991)에 적용하여 구레츠키 고유 음악어법을 확인한다. 결론을 대신하여 본 논문의 마지막 부분에서는 작품 분석을 바탕으로 구레츠키의 독자적인 음악 어법이 새로운 단순성 또는 미니멀음악 작곡기법 그리고 음악적 사고와 어떤 점이 유사하고 어떤 점이 상이한지를 정리한다. 나아가 미니멀음악 작곡가도 아니고 새로운 단순성을 대변하는 작곡가 도 아닌 구레츠키의 음악적 특성을 그가 활동한 공간적·시간적 환경과 연결하여 ‘새로운’ 민족주의 음악으로 볼 수 있음을 제시한다.

This thesis reflects the relations between words and music in a Korean Hymn, 'Lift Your Eyes And Look to Heaven' written by Park Jaehoon. This song is made on the basis of one of Seok Jinyoung's Poems during the Korean War in 1952 when Korea was confused extremely. The texts consist of Enhancing the reasonability of Christians, who should witness the gospel of full hope in the cries of wounded spirits. This hymn has some following characteristics. The poet uses the repeated phrase at the first and last lines. As a topic the main context of the each paragraph is placed after the first repeated phrase. The important contexts are complemented and expressed from in the second line. This matter includes a theologic ascension focused by the Word Jesus. Each line is contrasted in the view of the total structure. This comparative text is hardly compared with a single paragraph song. Even an uniformed single paragraph can not explain this ascented expression in each distinguished text. For example, why does the writer express the cries of sigh in the seventh measure in the first paragraph and the waters of life in the same measure in the second paragraph. But we can see the characteristic expression which this complicated poem has, Mr. Park would like to give the total form and mood rather than the description of each word. He uses the characteristics and advantages of multi-paragraphic songs, which is proved as the following matters. One of the most outstanding points in common is two sucessive measure structure. The meaning change and complexity of each paragraph are not described directly as a picture but is expressed indirectly by variations which are shown in the repetition of melody and harmony. But the most important matter is the poetic and musical mood in common. The main phrases 'The cries of sigh in real' and 'the demand for improvement' have repeated expressions such as phrases 'Lift your eyes and look to heaven' and 'O believer What will you do', rhythms 'the pattern of sigh' and 'the pattern of calling.' The peak of the third lines have not only a negative word 'sigh' but also the positive word 'Jesus', We can find that this part makes the complement efficient and implies the main words in the last part of the first line. As an exception we can understand that the last phrase of the second line 'the cries of sigh' and the fourth line 'O believer' are concretely described as a picture. This is interpreted as a disadvantage of the limit in multi-paragraph and as a great merit of expression for total mood. In conclusion I dare to say the hymn 'Lift your eyes And Look to Heaven' is a skillful and witted art which resolves absolute or relative problems in words and musi

This paper studies the process of Stravinsky's musical language prior to his most famous work The Rite of Spring was written in 1913. In this work, Stravinsky's diverse musical language and orchestration, evolved through Fire Bird and Petrushka, have matured and became his representative musical style. There are two important events in Stravinsky's life, one is an encounter with Rimsky-Korsakov, and the other is the collaboration with Diaghilev and going out into Paris, France. Rimsky-Korsakov helped Stravinsky understand orchestra and instrumentation accurately, and through this effort, Stravinsky created his unique orchestration style. Stravinsky's first work after studying with this well-informed teacher of orchestration was a symphony, and ballet music such as Fire Bird followed immediately. Quotations of folk melodies and dynamic rhythms, along with orchestration techniques for timbre became more conspicuous in his next work, Petrushka. Therefore, diverse expression styles through the use of Russian folk melodies, and characteristic rhythms all made their way to Stravinsky's inherent orchestration style crystallized in The Rite of Spring.