Underground cavities are frequently taking place in urban areas due to soil loss caused by structural defects of underground buried pipes. In this study, a field experimental program was conducted to detect ground condition using the electrical resistivity survey and the pneumatic cone penetration test. In addition, we proposed a method to estimate the weighted mean resistivity value by quantifying the electrical resistivity measurements through image analysis in order to compare the results of pneumatic cone penetration test. Consequently, it was found that as the weighted average resistivity value decreased, the smaller the N-value (penetration depth per blow number) from the pneumatic cone penetration test results. Based on the limited number of field experimental measurements, the correlation between weighted average resistivity value and the N-value of pneumatic cone penetration test is deemed promising in assessment of ground conditions associated with developing underground cavitation.

최근 도심지에서 지중매설관의 구조적 결함에 의한 토사 유실로 인해 지하 공동이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 지하 공동을 파악하는데 있어 현장 실험 수행 결과 전기비저항 탐사와 공압콘관입시험이 지반 조건의 이상 징후를 탐지하는데 효율적임을 확인하였다. 또한, 이미지 분석을 통한 전기비저항 실험 측정값을 정량화 하여 평균 비저항 값을 산정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 실대형 실험 결과, 평균 비저항 값이 감소할수록 위험도가 증가하였고, 공압콘관입시험 결과, N치가 작을수록 위험도가 높다는 것을 확인하였으며, 제한적인 측정 데이터 수를 토대로 평균 비저항 값과 공압콘관입시험의 결과를 토대로 상관관계를 나타내었을 때, 지반의 지하공동 발생과 관련된 위험 수준을 제한적으로 평가할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In the past, criteria and procedures for the design of concrete structures were primarily based on allowable stresses for structural components. However, it is now well recognized that the limit state approach is a better basis for design since it is difficult to determine the real safety margin of submerged structure.

A study on the limit state design method for retaining wall structures are reviewed based on the National Retaining wall Design Standard. In this paper several retaining walls are calculated according to LRFD design criteria analysis using the program and the factor of safety for sliding and overturning. Comparing with their results, the Taylor's series simple reliability analysis was performed. In the futures more study should needed including reinforced retaining walls, earth anchor structures. Geotechnical data also are evaluated beforehand.