예이츠는 고대 영웅 쿠훌린과 현대 영웅 피어스와 코놀리를 아일랜드 영웅문화의 전형으로 제시했다. 그는 󰡔쿠훌린의 죽음󰡕이라는 극작품에 󰡔비전󰡕의 “과거의 삶에 대하여 꿈꾸기”와 가이어 이론으로 쿠훌린의 삶과 죽음, 사후세계를 구체적으로 재현했다. 쿠훌린은 피어스와 코놀리의 전형이었다. 이는 한 가이어의 정점에 해당하는 쿠훌린의 영웅문화가 끝나고, 그 정점에서 새로운 아일랜드 영웅인 피어스와 코놀리가 탄생한 것처럼 아일랜드 영웅문화가 지속적으로 순환하는 것이었다. 이 영웅문화의 순환은 개인의 영혼의 순환에도 동일하게 적용되는 윤회이었다. 그래서 예이츠는 쿠훌린의 삶과 죽음을 통해서 영웅문화뿐만 아니라 모든 인간의 삶도 지속적으로 변화하면서 순환한다는 점을 현대인들에게 강조하고 있다.

쿠훌린의 죽음󰡕은 극작가 예이츠의 마지막 작품으로 아일랜드의 영웅 쿠훌린과 예이츠 자신을 동일시하면서 극작가의 연극에 관한 최종적 생각들이 프롤로그를 전달하는 “노인”에게 투영된다. 이 논문은 프롤로그에 나타나 있는 극작가 예이츠의 연극에 대한 사상과 연극 장치로서의 프롤로그의 기능에 초점을 두어 연구한다. 또한 예이츠가 그의 연극 경력 동안 꾸준하게 시도해온 반연극적 장치들이 이 작품의 프롤로그와 상호작용하면서 어떤 시너지 효과를 창출해내는지 탐구한다. 결론으로써 󰡔쿠훌린의 죽음󰡕의 프롤로그는 예이츠의 반연극적 장치들이 관객들에게 다가가 보다 적합한 연극적 환상을 만들어내는데 유용한 역할을 한다는 것을 주장한다.

예이츠 극 『쿠훌린의 죽음』의 극작법은 관객이 호메로스를 연관지어 생각하게 끔 하면서 민족주의의 효과를 고취시키는 역할을 한다. 그러나 늙은 남자의 나레이션, 이머의 춤, 길거리 가수의 노래, 대비되는 이미저리의 배치와 성격묘사를 통해 전통적으로 애국심을 고취시키는 극작법에서 벗어난다. 본 논문은 예이츠의 그만의 독득한 극작법을 통해 어떻게 민족주의를 고취시키는지 알아본다.

This essay is a comparison between Celtic myth and Korean myth with emphasis on hero Cuchulain and Jumong. Cuchulain is a Celtic Irish mythological hero who appears in the stories of the Ulster Cycle. In this study the main text of Cuchulain is Lady Gregory's Cuchulain of Muirthemne. Jumong, whose birth name was Dongmyeongseongwang(東明聖王), was the founding monarch of Goguryeo. The best known version of the founding myths of Goguryeo is the Dongmyeongwangpyeon of the Dongguk I Sanggukgip(Collected Works of Minister Yi of Korea) by Yi, Gyu Bo. According to Jeseph Campbell's idea of monomyth the standard path of the mythological adventure of the hero is a magnification of the formula represented in the rites of passage: separation−initiation−return. A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder, fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won, and the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man. Cuchulain and Jumong's hero-journey show the nuclear unit of the monomyth. Their stories exhibit with extraordinary clarity all the essential elements of the classic accomplishment of the impossible task. Cuchulain is the son of the sun god Lugh and Deichtire(a daughter of Maga, the child of the love god of Angus). Jumong is the son of Hae Mosu(解慕漱: the son of heaven) and Yuhwa(柳花:daughter of the river god Habaek(河伯). Cuchulain and Jumong are the child divine yet born of human mather. They are sons of sun and abandoned by their divine father. The characteristic adventure of Cuchulain is winning of the bride, Emma. The adventure of Jumong is going to succeed to his father-the father is the invisible founder of Buyeo. Cuchulain's adventure had given him the capacity to annihilate all opposition. At the age of seventeen Cuchulain single-handedly defends Ulster from the army of Connacht in the Tain Bo Cuailnge. Jumong's adventure had given him the capacity to rule his subjects. At the age of twenty-two, in 37 BC, Jumong established Goguryeo, and became its first "Supreme King." Goguryeo considered itself a successor to Buyeo. Cuchulain, the Irish Achilles, is the symbol of all those who fought for independence of Ireland. Jumong, the korean Achilles, is the symbol of the pride of Korean. The aim of this essay is that my comparative analysis contribute to the sense of universal understanding of the human condition.

This paper examines Yeats's idea of hero and heroism in his Cuchulain plays. Cuchulain is the mythological champion of the ancient province of Ulster. He is the protagonist in a cycle of plays written by Yeats over a span of thirty-five years. Cuchulain became for Yeats a personal symbol for the heroic as well as the national ideal. He was not only his mask or alter ego but also the chief representative of that heroic age to which Yeats wished Ireland to aspire. Yeats significantly altered the Celtic legend to serve his dramatic purposes. He was concerned more with the nature of heroism than with the character and the life of the Ulster champion. So he was not interested in the hero's superhuman feats of arms or bravery which his source had emphasized. Instead he wished his countrymen to learn the hero's spiritual virtues: the unyielding spirit of challenge in At the Hawk's Well; selfless courage and sacrifice for his country in The Green Helmet; the comparison and contrast between the actual anti-heroic world and the heroic ideal in On Baile's Strand; true love and self-sacrifice of his wife in The Only Jealousy of Emer; forgiveness, mercy, unselfishness, and transcendence of the fear of death in The Death of Cuchulain. Cuchulain's heroism consists in a combination of daring, gaiety, strength and beauty, and he is a free man, a challenger who, whether he wins or loses a specific battle, is ultimately victorious over himself and over others. The hero is freed from every form of hesitation, both moral and physical. The essence of Yeats's heroism is sacrifice and the creative joy separated from fear.