“Action-oriented Approach (AA)” as a new teaching method has taken an important role in teaching and learning of French Education during past 10 years. However, even though the new teaching method is very welcome for educators, now it is the time that we have to consider whether the key principle and fundamental notion of this approach is suitable for our language education environments and is theoretically appropriate for education. For that, it is necessary that we have to carefully examine this “Action-oriented Approach” from two points of views. First of all, from the angle of foreign language education, we need to verify whether this new approach could be appropriately applied in teaching and learning of Korean foreign language education or not. Secondly, from a societal perspective, we need to examine how this method, considering language education as everyday life itself, can handle some critical perspectives in the point of “status in quo” of “AA”. It has been criticized that language education as everyday life itself can make learners in everyday life to unconsciously acquire maintaining the ‘status quo’ during actions such as “educational inequality”. It is expected that this kind of examination will suggest us an improved way of “AA” for more effective and appropriate practice of French Education, and will give us an opportunity to think about the better way of teaching and learning model by “AA” in Korea.

This paper attempts to stress the importance of teaching Chinese proverbs by comparing proverbs of Korea and China. The study divides the proverbs into two broad categories: equivalent switch and non-equivalent switch. The equivalent switch refers to the proverbs with various forms but the same meaning. Accordingly, they are divided into four types: 1) the same form and the same meaning, 2) similar form and the same meaning, 3) different form but the same meaning, and 4) those with local names but the same meaning. Likewise, non-equivalent switch, the proverbs with different meanings, are divided into three types: 5) the same form but different meaning, 6) those with strong influence of local names, and finally 7) those with strong influence of food cultures. The paper suggests that Korean leaners should improve their understandings about Chinese proverbs and their abilities to use those proverbs appropriately in real situations of communication.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 13(1). This case study illustrates the changes of five Korean English as a Second Language (ESL) students' language learning motivation in Toronto. For each participant, semi-structured interviews were conducted once a month for six months. The data demonstrate that 1) in the initial phase, their ESL motivation is represented by extrinsic motivation, which is related to their future job opportunities, and they try to actively participate in the target language community: 2) in the middle phase, they feel a growing sense of intrinsic motivation, but at the same time experience challenges in maintaining intrinsic motivation due to their ESL school or homestay changes: and 3) in the last phase, intrinsic motivation atrophies, and they focus on ESL learning either on their own or with the help of native speaking English tutors. The data show that the nature of ESL motivation of the students in the study is influenced by their unique sociocultural surroundings. The findings imply that without continuous effort to participate in the target language community, study abroad in an ESL society does not guarantee expected ESL proficiency.

Collecting a rich but meaningful training data plays a key role in machine learning and deep learning researches for a self-driving vehicle. This paper introduces a detailed overview of existing open-source simulators which could be used for training self-driving vehicles. After reviewing the simulators, we propose a new effective approach to make a synthetic autonomous vehicle simulation platform suitable for learning and training artificial intelligence algorithms. Specially, we develop a synthetic simulator with various realistic situations and weather conditions which make the autonomous shuttle to learn more realistic situations and handle some unexpected events. The virtual environment is the mimics of the activity of a genuine shuttle vehicle on a physical world. Instead of doing the whole experiment of training in the real physical world, scenarios in 3D virtual worlds are made to calculate the parameters and training the model. From the simulator, the user can obtain data for the various situation and utilize it for the training purpose. Flexible options are available to choose sensors, monitor the output and implement any autonomous driving algorithm. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the developed simulator by implementing an end-to-end CNN algorithm for training a self-driving shuttle.