The main purpose of this paper is to examine the intersubjective experiences of those who use the ‘-geodeun’ construction within the Korean language. For this purpose, we consider two categories; those based on ‘modality’ and those based on ‘information structure.’ Based on consideration, two categories is not appropriate for the term ‘-geodeun’. Therefore, this paper suggests new grammatical category (intersubjectivity). Using this category, we are able to explain how ‘-geodeun’ is used in both exceptional and normal cases. Furthermore, intersubjectivity is a comparative concept and requires learners to compare the use of ‘-geodeun’ with similar constructions in their mother tongues. In the view of intersubjectivity, ‘-geodeun’ expresses speaker’s attention to listener. Speaker exposes attention to listener’s knowledge and judges whether listener knows about the information included speaker’s utterance (message). Especially, ‘-geodeun’ can be used both new and old information to listener. On based on this usage, this paper suggests models of instruction for teaching and learning intersubjectivity of ‘-geodeun’ for increasing applicability of actual education field. Introduction of concept of intersubjectivity contributes to improving Korean grammar accuracy between similar grammar item and learners’ fluency.

이 연구는 한국어교육능력검정시험의 문법 영역 문항이 예비한국어 교 사가 갖추어야 할 문법 교육 역량을 평가하기에 타당한지를 비판적으로 고찰하고, 한국어교육능력검정시험 문법 영역 문항의 개선 방안을 구체 적으로 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 방법으로는 한국어교육능력 검정시험 제1회(2006년)-제18회(2023년)까지의 시험 문항에서 한국어 문 법 영역과 관련이 있는 한국어어휘・형태론, 한국어통사론, 한국어규범, 한국어문법교육론 과목 623개의 문항을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전체적 으로 이론적인 문법 지식을 묻는 문항으로 출제가 되는 경향이 많았다. 그렇지만 한국어 교사에게는 교실 현장에서 외국인 학생들에게 쉽고 재 미있게 가르칠 수 있는 ‘가르치기 위한 지식’이 중요하다. 그러므로 한국 어교육능력검정시험의 문법 영역에서도 예비한국어 교사들이 한국어 교 실 현장에서 실제적으로 접하게 될 교실 현장과 관련이 있는 문항으로 출제가 되어야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구가 예비한국어 교사의 한국 어 문법 교육 능력을 제대로 측정할 수 있는 한국어교육능력검정시험의 초석이 되기를 바란다.

This article examines the current views and pedagogical approaches of Korean school grammar from the perspectives of usage-based theory, and suggests future directions for Korean Grammar Pedagogy that reflect authentic usage of Korean and facilitate meaningful learning. To this end, the basic assumptions of the usage-based theory were reviewed and its applicability to Korean explored. As a result, it is shown that usage-based theory provides us with alternative explanations that overcome the limitations of traditional school grammar and enable meaningful inquiry activities. At the phonological level, while school grammar has ignored the various CVCC syllable configurations actually observed, from the point of view of usage-based theory, syllable-final consonant clusters such as [rp], [rt], and [rk] are appropriately described. At the morphological level, construction-based morphology sheds light on various schema and patterns of word formation that school grammars have overlooked. Finally, usage-based theory provides an alternative explanation of the complement category defined by school grammar.

This study was carried out under the premise that lack of grammatical education with overall emphasized fluency is not desirable and the grammatical education can function fully to improve the communicative competence. To support this, the studies that attempted comparative linguistics, universal language theories, and attempts of linguistic typology were examined. However, such efforts are limited in explaining the overall Korean grammatical education systematically. As a method to resolve such problems, a suggestion of actively utilizing grammatical categories were provided. The categorization by grammatical systems is quite familiar since it was applied to all languages for a long time and is a concept that can be usefully utilized in comparative linguistics or linguistic typology. In addition, the overall grammatical factors could be examined systematically. As the meanings, functions, and constraints of combinations among the grammatical factors are compared, which could not be done when examining the individual grammatical factor, the differences can be clearly recognized. This study provided an example of expressing negatives and also suggests the methods to use the grammatical categories for Korean educational grammatical system in the sites of Korean education in detail.

This study is aimed at applying conjunctive adverbs of type of "그러-‘ for education site of Korean language by clearing up syntactical condition and contextual meaning and mutual replacement relation of conjunctive adverbs having similar meaning to be able to use opposition conjunctive adverb of type of "그러-’. According to inclination of foreign learner who want to learn Korean by rule and formula instead of meaning explanation. So this study was represented table and chart as suggesting way of each items, and it could be called as new tryout that we could not find in existing studies. This discussion might be little different with meaning of conjunctive adverbs explained in the study of Korean language. In the selection of example, used example of Korean language text book for foreigners by considering level of learners. Therefore, this study was inconvenienced by impractical sentence and non-suggestion of concrete plan to be able to be used in practice lesson. But if teachers fully understood schematic pictures and used them in class, it could become a little help to reduce learner"s confusion occurred by using opposition conjunctive adverbs of type of "그러-."