Phosphine (PH3) fumigation has been widely used for controlling storedgrain insect pests, causing the development of resistance of stored-grain insect pests to phosphine. PH3 resistance in Sitophilus oryzae has been reported in Korea. However, PH3 resistance in Tribolium castaneum has not been reported yet. This study was conducted to determine susceptibilities of T. castaneum collected from five different domestic locations to PH3. The susceptibility to PH3 was investigated using the FAO fumigation method. All domestic T. castaneum individuals were controlled by PH3 at 0.04 g m-3. At 0.01 g m-3, T. castaneum collected from two domestic locations did not exhibit 100% mortality. A P45S point mutation in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld) gene was found in a PH3-resistant strain of T. castaneum (Aus07), but not in five domestic stains or a PH3-susceptible strain (Aus10). No significant difference was found in dld or cyt-b5-r gene expression across all tested strains. However, the Gyeongju-collected strain of T. castaneum showed more than a 1.7-fold increase in cyt-b5-r expression compared to the Aus07 strain. cDNA sequence analysis revealed that P45S (C133T) in the dld gene was only present in Aus07. A characteristic single nucleotide polymorphism in the cyt-b5-r gene sequence was identified in the five domestic strains. This study suggests that it is necessary to continuously monitor PH3-susceptibility of T. castaneum in Korea to quickly identify resistant individuals and prevent the spread of PH3 resistance through rapid control.

古代 印度 因明學에서 기원한 中國 唯識佛敎의 認識論은 인간의 인식상태를 설명하는 現量, 比量, 非量 ‘三量’과 ‘三境’, ‘三自性’으로 구성되어진다. 明淸시대 王夫之는 이러한 유식불교의 인식론 중 ‘現量’이 ‘現在’, ‘現成’, ‘顯現眞實’의 함의가 있다고 해석하며 ‘인식의 時空性’, ‘인식의 直觀性’, ‘인식의 眞實性’을 논증함으로써, 논리적이고 체계적이며 분석적인 유식불교의 교리체계를 총체적으로 해석하였다. 이러한 해석의 기초 위에 왕부지는 유식불교의 인식론 체계를 중국고전시학 영역에 응용하여, 현량 범주가 창작영감의 찰나적 심미포착, 형상사유 결과의 진실한 투영등을 포괄적으로 설명할 수 있도록 하였다. 특히 그는 ‘卽景會心’, ‘情景交融’의 함의를 담고있는 ‘마음과 눈(心目)’의 개념을 통해 현량적 시학이상을 힘주어 주장 하였다. 본 논문은 유식불교의 인식론 범주로서의 ‘현량’과 시학명제들을 실증적으로 해석하는 시학범주로서의 ‘현량’에 대한 개념과 양자간의 내재적 관계를 체계적으로 고찰하였다.