고령화 등 화장시설의 수요는 증가하고 있으나, 환경오염에 대한 님비(NIMBY)현상과 혐오시설 인식 등으로 시설의 운영에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 화장시설에 대한 공정 및 안전, 환경 관리를 철저히 하여 주민들의 부정적인 인식을 개선하고 이용자의 안전을 확보할 필요가 높다. 연구에서는 화장시설에서 사용하는 암모니아 누출 등의 위험을 관리할 수 있도록 HAZOP 위험성 평가를 통해 잠재적 위험을 분석하였고, 공학적 및 관리적 대책을 도출하였다. 또한 누출된 암모니아가 주변 지역에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 ALOHA, CFD 시뮬레이션, 프로빗(Probit) 분석 등의 정량적 평가를 실시하여 영향을 미치는 요인 을 확인하였다. 그 결과 온도에 의한 영향은 미미하지만 풍속과 대기안정도는 확산에 영향 을 미치며, 암모니아 중화 정도는 확산거리에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 비상대응 을 위해 유족이 이용하는 구간의 관심농도 기준 최소 실내 대피 가능 시간은 7분 이내로 나타났고, 실외의 경우 치사량이 3~4%로 나타났다. 실내와 실외 환경을 모두 감안하여 비상대피 계획을 고려할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구가 화장시설의 위험성을 줄이고, 환경적 측면에서 화장시설 운영사업자의 ESG 경영에 도움이 되기를 바란다.

Establishment of emission concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in emission gases from 85 domestic crematories were measured. The relationship between PCDDs/DFs and several factors such as structure, equipment and operational state of the crematory is discussed. Furthermore, emission of PCDDs/DFs from all crematories in korea is estimated. The following results are obtained: (1) total concentration (2,3,7,8- substituted isomers) of PCDDs/DFs was 0.113 ~ 14.34 ng/ Sm3, whose TEQ concentration was 1.815 ng-TEQ/Sm3; (2) total emission of PCDDs/DFs from crematories in korea was estimated to be 1.815 g-TEQ/yr.

In this study, PCDDs/DFs concentrations in flue gases from 58 crematories and in fly ashes and bottom ashes (mainly bone) from several crematories were measured to grasp the present state of PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. The effects of several factors were discussed to prevent PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. Total concentration of PCDDs/DFs was ranged from 0.113 to 87.461 ng/Sm3 and toxic equivalent concentration was ranged from 0.019 to 15.347 ng-TEQ/Sm3. As the results obtained in this research, the following measures to reduce PCDDs/DFs emission are recommended for existing crematories: (1) keeping the temperature at < 800oC or < 850oC in main/secondary chambers during a whole cremation, (2) lowering the temperature in the dust collector, (3) installing the high efficiency dust collector and reducing dust concentration to less than 0.02 g/Sm3, and (4) installing the sampling point for monitoring of PCDDs/DFs.

Establishment of emission standard of dioxins from crematories has been needed for their efficient management in korea. In this study, we investigate related regulation, guideline and management of crematory at home and abroad. Either dioxin legal basis or management of countries are compared and analyzed respectively. Crematories were distributed 51 place all over the country and total 265 crematories have been operated in 2000. Korea crematories have been operated 3 steps; incineration, cooling in furnace and collection of bone. This process is similar with Japanese process. But European process is different steps; incineration, keeping the temperature of furnace and collection of bone. In case of Korea, the resynthesis of dioxins in the cooling process due to the dioxin emissions higher than European process. This study has suggested three emission standards of dioxins from crematories based on survey of foreign standards and korean measurement data. The 1st suggested standard is 10 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in present facility, 5 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in new facility, the 2nd suggestion is 5 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in present facility, 1 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in new facility and the 3nd suggestion is 0.5 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in present facility, 0.1 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in new facility. When 2nd suggestion apply, at 2020 dioxin emissions(0.779 g-TEQ/yr) is expected to be approximately 71% reduction compared to 2010 year.