본 연구는 캄보디아 다문화가정 부모들이 생각하는 캄보디아어 교육 목적, 교육 방법, 어려움을 살펴봄으로써 캄보디아어 교육 지원 방안 마련에 필요한 기초자료 제공에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 캄보디아 다문화가정 부모 11명, 결혼이민여성 관련 업무에 종사중인 활동가 3명을 면담하고 분석했다. 연구결과 캄보디아 다문화가정 부모의 캄보디아어 교육 목적은 첫째, 가족 내 유대감 형성을 위한 의사소통 능력 증진, 둘째, 자녀의 안정된 생활을 위한 직업 역량 강화, 셋째, 캄보디아 발전에 기여할 수 있는 역량 강화, 넷째, 자녀의 행복한 삶을 위한 건전한 정체성 형성으로 나타났다. 캄보디아어 교육 방법은 첫째, 일상생활에서 엄마가 캄보디아어와 한국어를 동시에 사용하기, 둘째, 자녀가 캄보디아어를 궁금해 할 때 알려주기, 셋째, 캄보디아어에 대한 흥미를 유발해 동기 부여하기, 넷째, 어릴 때 캄보디아어로 양육하기, 다섯째, 캄보디아어를 사용해야 하는 상황 제공하기로 나타났다. 캄보디아 교육과 관련한 어려움은 첫째, 한국어 습득이 중시되는 가족 및 사회 분위기, 둘째, 캄보디아어 교육기관 부재 및 교재 부족, 셋째, 캄보디아어의 복잡한 자모음 체계 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 캄보디아 다문화가정 자녀들이 엄마 및 외가가족들과 의사소통하고, 다문화적 자산에 자부심을 가지고 모국어를 학습하며, 미래사회 인재로 성장하게 하기 위해서는 부모와 가족에게 모국어교육의 중요성을 교육하는 한편 영유아용 캄보디아어 교육 프로그램 개발과 자료 보급에 국가적 지원이 시급함을 시사한다.

본 연구는 베트남 결혼이민여성들의 자녀 외가방문에 대한 요구를 조사하여 향후 결혼이민가정 자녀들을 위한 교육 프로그램 개발 및 실행에 필요한 기초자료를 구축하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 자녀 외가방문의 목적과 베트남에서 경험해야 할 활동에 대한 결혼이민여성들의 인식을 살펴봤다. 연구대상은 한국여성재단 2013 ~ 2014년도 다문화아동 외가방문 지원사업에 지원한 베트남 결혼이민여성 151명의 지원신청서이다. 연구결과, 베트남 결혼이민여성들의 자녀 외가방문의 목적은 첫째, 베트남 문화와 언어에 관심 갖고 학습하기를 바람, 둘째, 외가가족을 만나 서로 사랑하기를 바람, 셋째, 다문화가정의 자녀로서 자긍심 갖기를 바람, 넷째, 엄마를 좋아하고 이해하기를 바람, 다섯째, 한국에서의 일상생활에 감사한 마음을 갖기를 바람, 여섯째, 한국과 베트남의 발전에 기여하는 인재로 성장하기를 바람으로 나타났다. 베트남 결혼이민여성들이 자녀들에게 필요하다고 생각하는 경험은 첫째, 베트남 문화체험, 둘째, 외가가족과의 유대감 형성, 셋째, 엄마의 어린 시절 경험 공유로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 다문화가정의 엄마와 자녀들이 외가가족들과 지속적으로 교류하고 엄마나라에 대한 관심을 갖게 하는 프로그램의 개발과 보급에 국가적 지원이 시급함을 시사한다.

In this study those currently operating pyrolysis oil plant were selected for the investigation. The yield of the oil andfuel was assessed for its use as fuel and the char component analysis, and the reaction time to collect contaminantscollected and analyzed. As the result, about 40% of the oil was yielded and oil could be used as an alternative fuel. Char’sleaching test analysis result was satisfied with the landfill standard. And emission of Dioxin and pollutants was analyzed.The highest concentration of dioxin was 0.7347ng I-TEQ/Sm3. The result satisfied the requirement however the emissionconcentration was changed depending on the input Fuel. Therefore the appropriate pollution control facility should berequired.

In this study those currently operating SRF (Solid Refuse Fuel) combustion plant were selected for the investigation. The SRF component analysis, and the reaction time to collect contaminants collected and analyzed. As the result, the average caloric value of the SRF was about 8,114 kcal/kg and the result of the analysis was satisfied with the Fuel standard. The SRF could be used as an alternative Coal fuel. However CO, NOx and Dust analysis result was exceeded the emission standard. In case of Hydrogen chloride, high concentration of emission from the facilities was observed. Although normal operation was performed, ineffective the operational management causedt, incomplete blockage of drug injection facilities and personnel management system. To prevent such problems, a regular maintenance of facilities is need to be installed. At the moment applied to the monitoring system (TMS) are installed in waste incinerators with the medium to large capacities, However such as a periodically monitoring system is needed to manage a small solid fuel boliers as well.

In order to cope with resource depletion and global warming, many countries around the world are seeking the technicaland political alternatives and are focusing on production of refuse derived fuel (SRF) as a viable approach. SRF isclassified into pellet SRF and fluff SRF based on the shape. In domestic trend, Pellet RDF has been mainly produceduntil now, but as the quality standard of fluff SRF was set up lately, it is expected to raise supply and demand on FluffSRF after this. Fluff SRF is a solid fuel not to be processed pelletizing step, and has advantages that manufacturing processis simple and economical. In this paper, we selected 3 MBT plants to produce Pellet SRF in Korea and examined reductioneffects of energy and CO2 emission by conversion of pellet SRF to fluff SRF. As a result, the saving energy by theconversion of SRF type is 2,509 Gcal/yr (A), 1,716 Gcal/yr (B) and 1,210 Gcal/yr (C) respectively, and the reductionrate of energy consumption in full process is about 23%~26% by comparison with pellet SRF. Also, the average ofreduction of CO2 emission per unit of MSW is 0.0272 tCO2/ton. After estimating the reduction of CO2 emission of 9MBT plants in Korea, based on the results of a survey of target plants, we concluded that the reduction effect of CO2emission is created 11,374 tCO2/yr.

This paper examined energy consumption distribution by process and energy production-effect of MBT facilities inKorea. Generally, facilities that use fossil fuels for drying consumed energy about 70~80% in drying and exhaust gasestreatment process and energy distribution was heavily affected a position of drying and a kind of fuel. Energy production-effect by the ratio of input-energy to output-energy ranged from 4.54 to 9.60, however, if generation efficiency is reflected,it was standardized to low levels from 3.10~3.77. So we were able to confirm that the superiority of energy production-effect between facilities is not considerable.

This paper examined reasonable operating factor for treatment of carcass burial leachate in High Temperature Thermal Desorption (HTTD) and calculated the amount of fuel used in each device using heat and mass balance under condition of 4 scenarios. As a result, we concluded that rotary kiln for dryness and thermal desorption shoud be separated dual type and mixing ratio of sawdust and soil should be restricted no more than 1 : 14. Also, operating temperature should be kept 260, 550, 850 or higher in dryer kiln, thermal desorption kiln and secondary chamber respectively and residence time should be kept 30min in each kiln. The total amount of fuel used in each device was compared under 4 scenarios on the mixing ratio. According to a study, it showed the highest value under the scenario of 1 : 1, which showed 2.5 times higher than the scenario of 1 : 14 in terms of treatment of leachate per unit of LNG.

This study analyzed concentration and characteristics of hazardous substances in treatment of leachate from carcass burial areas by using high temperature thermal desorption (HTTD). Concentrations of pollutants emitted from HTTD treatment of leachate contaminated soil of carcass burial sites satisfied the emission standards for 11 pollutants from domestic waste incineration facilities. Dioxin concentration was 0.0060 ng I-TEQ/Sm3 and 0.0061 (0.0055-0.0070) ng ITEQ/ Sm3 in the normal operation condition and the experimental condition, respectively, which are much lower than the MSWI Standard of 0.1ng I-TEQ/Sm3. As a result, it was considered that leachate from carcass burial areas could be treated by high temperature thermal desorption (HTTD).

This paper analyzed thermal and carbonization properties of sewage sludge in fixed bed reactor and obtained following results. The heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu) content of Char showed the highest level at unprocessed sewage sludge, followed by carbonized sludge at 600, 400, and 500oC. It was thought to be mainly due to the yield of char rather than the influence of temperature. Also, the migration-test results of heavy metals satisfied the landfill directive in all samples, which may be possible to use it as landfill cover materials. The concentration of dioxin by changes of pyrolysis temperature was higher in the low temperature conditions and the proportion of PCDDs was higher than that of PCDFs.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Environment, the emission of sewage sludge is increased by 7 ~ 9% yearly. In the future, it will be increased continuously because of extension of sewage disposal plants, high class treatment for removing nitrogen and phosphorus. The objective of this study is to examine the possibility of the carbonization of the sewage sludge by pyrolysis. The pyrolysis behavior of the sewage sludge was investigated by the thermogravimetric analysis as a function of heating rate. In the pyrolysis studies measurements in weight loss was made and reported as a function of test temperature. To minimize energy consumption used for drying sewage sludge, naturally dried sludge were applied evaluate characteristics of thermal and carbonization treatment using a fixed-bed reactor. The most effective treatment temperature of carbonized material production was 400oC. The temperature of highest total yield of char and oil was 500oC. In the pyrolysis studies measurements in weight loss was made and reported as a function of test temperature. According to the result, the optimum pyrolysis temperature of sewage sludge were found to be ranged from 100oC to 600oC, respectively. About 91% of pyrolysis was completed between 100oC and 600oC. If applying the carbonization, it can be easily utilized as the replaced resource of energy(fuel) in the countries whose energy resources are insufficient, like our country.

Establishment of emission concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in emission gases from 85 domestic crematories were measured. The relationship between PCDDs/DFs and several factors such as structure, equipment and operational state of the crematory is discussed. Furthermore, emission of PCDDs/DFs from all crematories in korea is estimated. The following results are obtained: (1) total concentration (2,3,7,8- substituted isomers) of PCDDs/DFs was 0.113 ~ 14.34 ng/ Sm3, whose TEQ concentration was 1.815 ng-TEQ/Sm3; (2) total emission of PCDDs/DFs from crematories in korea was estimated to be 1.815 g-TEQ/yr.

Infectious diseases in domestic animals of carcase were increasing every year. According to the monthly report for infectious disease from Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 11,954 heads of cattle, 518,178 heads of pig, 232,850,244 heads of bird were reported in 2011. Infectious diseases of carcase almost spread on a national scale. Dead or emergency preventive carcase are completely treated on bury. Since the treatment of carcase on bury are generating soil, underground water and source water pollution, introduction of new preventive system should be considered. In this study, literature survey and case studies to prevent the spreading of virus for infectious disease and second environmental pollution were investigated. The actual experiments using the existing incineration facilities were also performed to ensure the possibilities of safe treatment of carcase. On the other hand, the moving-type incineration are also being developed and its operation manual will be prepared. Among the investigated incinerators, stoker type incinerator was not suitable for the treatment of carcase, however, other incinerators such as fluidized-bed type incinerator, rotary kiln type incinerator ware shown to be suitable. But even for the stoker type incinerator, if the pre-treatment facilities( grinding, crushing) are installed, it will also be a suitable method. The analytical results for air pollutants(including dioxin) emitted from the final exit were all satisfied to the air pollution emission standards.

In this study, PCDDs/DFs concentrations in flue gases from 58 crematories and in fly ashes and bottom ashes (mainly bone) from several crematories were measured to grasp the present state of PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. The effects of several factors were discussed to prevent PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. Total concentration of PCDDs/DFs was ranged from 0.113 to 87.461 ng/Sm3 and toxic equivalent concentration was ranged from 0.019 to 15.347 ng-TEQ/Sm3. As the results obtained in this research, the following measures to reduce PCDDs/DFs emission are recommended for existing crematories: (1) keeping the temperature at < 800oC or < 850oC in main/secondary chambers during a whole cremation, (2) lowering the temperature in the dust collector, (3) installing the high efficiency dust collector and reducing dust concentration to less than 0.02 g/Sm3, and (4) installing the sampling point for monitoring of PCDDs/DFs.