A study was conducted to determine the effects of the cattle manure (CM) application on the botanical composition and micro-mineral contents (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) of grazing pasture at the experimental field of Livestock Division, Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science from year 2003 to 2005. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of T1: 100% chemical fertilizer (CF 100%), T2: 50% CF +50% CM, T3: 25% CF +75% CM, T4: 100% cattle manure (CM 100%), T5: 100% CM (1st yr.)+ 100% CF (2nd yr.) + 100% CM (3rd yr.), T6: 100% CM (1st yr.)+ 100% CF (2nd yr.)+ 100% CF (3rd yr.). The botanical composition of grassland for grass, legumes, and weeds showed that the rate of legumes was increased in all treatments. The weeds rate in T4 was the highest in comparison to the other treatments. For micro-mineral contents T5 showed the highest average Fe contents of 262.08 ppm and T1 showed the lowest (199.20 ppm). Mn contents was the highest in T1 among the other treatments. Zn contents was the highest in T3 as compared with other treatments. Cu contents was the highest in T6 as compared with other treatments. The results of this experiments indicated that micro-mineral contents of change was effect of legumes increased than treatment

We investigated the differences in survival rates and height growth among 10 sprouting tree species under cattle grazing conditions in a clearcut area of a secondary forest, as well as the relationship between survival and growth and the species' leaf tannin contents. A clearcut area of a deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest was grazed by two breeding cattle from 1990 until 2001. The height and viability of marked sprouting trees in the area were monitored annually before the initial spring grazing period for 12 years. The tannin contents in leaves were measured from 1996 until 1998. The target tree species differed greatly in the patterns of survival and height growth and were classified into four categories based on these patterns. Similarly, tannin contents in leaves varied widely (1.3% to 11.6%) among the species. Survival rates of the target species in 2001 correlated significantly with the tannin contents in leaves. Our findings indicate that tannin content in leaves is an influential factor affecting the survival and growth of sprouting trees under cattle grazing conditions.

Short-term ingestive behavior of cattle was measured for two tropical grasses with contrasting growth forms, centipedegrass (CG; strongly prostrated) and bahiagrass (BG; more erect). Bite dimensions, bite weight and intake rate of animals increased as herbage mass increased in both grasses, showing a steeper initial increase and an earlier and lower plateau in CG than in BG. The results show that strongly prostrated grasses should be grazed when herbage mass is close to the point where the intake response plateaus, in order to maximize both quantity and quality of intake.

Our previous study conducted in a wasted mulberry plantation showed significant decline of leaf productivity of mulberry (Morns sp.) by cattle grazing in three years (Ogura et al., 2009). This means t㏊t improvement of understory vegetation is essential to use such wasted areas as grazing lands. In this study, the mixture of seeds (Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis and Trifolium repens, 15:15:5:2) was seeded on 18 Sep. 2007, in nine experimental plots (6 m × 6 m each) with different seeding rates (L: 37 ㎏/㏊, M: 56㎏/㏊ and H: 74㎏/㏊, three replications) in the wasted mulberry plantation described in the previous paper (paddock A) (Ogura et al., 2009). Two cows were grazed in the paddock for 42 and 54 days in 2007 and 2008, respectively. No fertilizer nor herbicides were applied in the paddock. The coverage of the sown species and weeds, and the proportion of bare area were recorded on 19 Sep. 2007, 16 Nov. 2007, 21 May 2008 and 21 May 2009. T. repens rapidly covered the understory; the coverage ranged 49.4-71.7% in 2008-2009 (Fig. 1). D. glomerata and L. perenne also increased to 10.6-18.3% and 20.6-33.9% in 2009, respectively, regardless to the seeding rates. In contrast, the proportion of bare area rapidly decreased. The quick establishment of the sown plants probably due t㏊t defoliation and trampling of cows suppressed the growth of native plants. In conclusion, the seeding rate of 3.7 ㎏/㏊ is sufficient to establish herbage plants in wasted mulberry plantations under cattle grazing.

Mulberry (Morus sp.) plantations have been deteriorating in Japan due to decline of silk industry. In mountainous areas, large part of the mulberry plantations has been wasted. Cattle grazing in the wasted mulberry plantations is a practical system to reuse the wasted areas for food production, because mulberry leaves are highly nutritive (Ezenwa and Kitahara, 2001), productive (Kitahara et al., 2002) and palatable to cattle (Ogura et al., 2008). In this study, the productivity and quality of mulberry leaves were investigated for 3 years in a wasted mulberry plantation grazed with beef cows, in Minamisanriku town, Miyagi, Japan. Cattle grazing started in September 2005 (paddock A, 44 a) and June 2006 (paddock B, 96 a). For each paddock, two pregnant cows were grazed from June to August-October in 2006-2008. In the paddocks A and B, four mulberry trees were chosen and the leaf mass and chemical composition were measured in mid-June and late August (pre-grazing leaf mass) during 2006-2008. A non-grazed paddock was also measured in 2007-2008. Leaf productivity of mulberry trees significantly decreased with cattle grazing; pre-grazing leaf mass changed from 246.8 g to 10.4 g DM/tree and 286.2 g to 17.6 g DM/tree in the paddock A and B, respectively (Fig 1). In contrast, 149.2-365.1 g DM/tree of leaves was produced in the non-grazed paddock. Chemical composition was stable during the three years in all paddocks. It is concluded that cattle grazing gives severe damage to leaf production of mulberry trees in three years.

본 시험은 한우 방목시 방목초지의 이용효율을 극대화시키기 위한 방목이용관리 방법을 모색하기 위해 수행되었다. 목구를 증가시켜 체목일수를 2∼3일로 하는 집약방목구와 체목일수가 5∼6일인 대조구(관행구)를 두어 목초생산성 및 가축생산성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 집약방목구의 건물생산량이 7.33t/ha로 대조구의 6.28t/ha에 비해 22% 증수되었다. 또한 방목가축 관리에 매우 중요한 요인인 계절생산성도 안정되어 목초의 수량이 급격히 저하되는 8월 이후에

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the grazing performance of dairy cattle for winter rye, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and oat including of rape in Hwa seong-gun, Kyeonggido, from 1993 to 1994. Each crops were utilized from the stage of 8-leaves to l

본 시험은 톨 페스큐가 우점된 방목초지에서 소비구(T; 120-100-100 kg/ha), 보비구(T: 280-200-240kg) 및 보비+보파구(T)등 3개 처리에 3원 교잡종 육성우를 이용하여 1991년 4월 16일부터 11월 1일까지 199일 동안 계절별 목초 생산량에 따라 방목두수를 증.감 조절하여 보충사료 급여없이 계속방목 방법으로 수행되었던 바 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 처리별 식생은 소비구(T)에서 tall fescue가 60~70%

본 시험은 방목이용 초지에서 액상구비(액비) 시용시 가축기호성과 초지 이용효율을 증진시키고자 액비 시용시기를 방목직후(평균 목초 초장 7.5cm), 방목 후 5일째(13.6cm), 방목 후 10일째(18.5cm), 방목 후 15일째(23.5cm)로 달리하고, 액비무시용구를 대조구로 하여 실시되었다. 연간 액비 시용량은 40㎥/ha로 봄철 2회, 여름철 1회, 가을철 1회로 4회 균등 분시하였으며, 전 시험구에서 연간 시비량은 질소 280, 인산 200,

This experiment 'was conducted to investigate the grazing cattle's palatability by the method of grazing time on the pasture dominated orchardgrass and on the pasture dominated perennial ryegrass from June to October, 1987. The experiment was carried out

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 강원도(江原道) 새마을 '소' 임간공동방목사업(林間共同放牧事業)의 일환(一環)으로 81년도(年度)에 개설(開設)된 105개(個)의 공동방목장(共同放牧場)과 '82년도(年度)에 개설(開設)된 103개(個)의 공동방목장(共同放牧場)의 경영실태와 분석(分析)된 문제점(問題點) 그리고 개선방안(改善方案)에 관한 연구결과(硏究結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공동방목(共同放牧) 사업(事業)의 효과 1) 방목기간중(放牧期間中) 1