PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of concrete pavements by decreasing measurement deviations using an Internet of Things (IoT)-based air content measurement device. METHODS : We calculated the properties of concrete which varied according to the air content. For a low measurement deviation, the concrete pavement performed according to the design standard. To confirm the difference in the performance of the concrete pavement for various air contents, we verified the change in the relative dynamic modulus according to the number of freeze–thaw cycles for each value of the air content. In addition, we analyzed the number of durability cracks according to the freeze–thaw cycles in the field. RESULTS : We confirmed that IoT-based measurement equipment improved the performance of pavements without changing their mixing designs or specifications. We confirmed that the performance of concrete pavements changed even with variations in air content within the range of quality standards. Using IoT-based air content management, we confirmed the reduction in concrete pavement durability cracks without changing the mixing design. CONCLUSIONS : We confirmed that IoT-based air-content management improved pavement performance. The feasibility of extending this concept to manage other concrete properties such as the chloride content should be acknowledged. Future research will require laboratory tests to understand the variation in concrete properties with varying air contents and to consider diverse load conditions.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of concrete pavements by measuring the unit-water content with an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based unit-water content measurement device at an increased precision compared with that of existing measuring equipment. METHODS : We calculated the properties of concrete that varied according to variations in the unit-water content. To confirm the change in the performance of concrete pavements, we compared and analyzed the fatigue cracking rate and international roughness index of concrete pavements at the 20-year point of public use according to the changes in properties using the Korea Pavement Research Program(KPRP). RESULTS : We confirmed that IoT-based measurement equipment can improve the performance of pavements without changing their mixing designs or specifications. We confirmed that the performance of the concrete pavements changed significantly, even with unit-water content variations within the range of quality standards. According to IoT-based unit-water content management, we confirmed that the performance of the concrete pavement (fatigue cracking rate and international roughness index) improved without changing the mixing design. CONCLUSIONS : We confirmed that by using IoT-based unit-water content management, pavement performance can be improved. It is necessary to consider whether the application of this concept to other concrete property management items, such as the chloride content, is possible. Considering the changes in concrete properties according to the unit-water content based on laboratory tests and considerations of various load conditions will be necessary for future research.

연예인들은 항상 대중들에게 젊고 아름다운 외모와 모습을 보여야 한다는 스트레스를 경험하며, 이러한 스트레스는 불안과 우울을 거쳐 자살생각에 영향을 미친다. 연예인의 직업적 특성과 심리과정을 설명할 수 있는 것이 공적 자의식이다. 공적 자의식은 남에게 보이는 외적 자기에 집중하는 것으로, 대인 불안에 영향을 주고, 내적으로 자신을 과도하게 억압시켜 부정적인 정서를 높인다. 이와 같은 측면에서 공적 자의식은 항상 좋은 모습을 보이기 위한 연예인의 정서 및 심리과정을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 문헌연구와 사례분석을 통해 연예인들의 외모관리 행동을 공적 자의식이라는 심리적 기제를 통해 살펴보고, 이를 통해 연예인들의 불안과 스트레스, 자살생각을 이해하고 예방할 수 있는 방향을 모색하였다.

본 시험은 초지조성시와 관리시에 시용하는 인산질 비료의 시용이 초지식생, 목초 및 토양의 무기물함량에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 무시용구의 3처리를 난괴법 3반복으로 포장 배치하여 1989년 9월부터 1991년 10월까지 수원 근교에서 수행되었던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 인산질 비료 무시용구의 식생은 불량하였으며 인산시용에 의해서 두과 목초의 비율이 증가되었는데 특히 초지관리시의 인산효과가 현저하였다. 2. 목초의 무기물 함량중 질소,

This field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of fertilizer application time in spring on the growth, crude protein(CP) content and dry matter(DM) yield of grasses for soiling. Application times of fertilizer were March 10, 20, 30, April

The objective of this study is to explore the whole process of fraud risk management strategies that should be implemented by the organizations. Secondly, this study discusses the governance issues that arise at each stage of the process. For the purpose of this study, a content analysis of previous literatures is used as a technique for gathering data. This process usually involves codifying qualitative and quantitative information into pre-defined categories in order to derive patterns in the presentation and reporting of information. Based on our content analysis, we found that the fraud risk management process should be made of at least five stages which are inculcating the culture of managing risks in an organization, identifying the risks, evaluating the risks, determining preventive actions and implementing and reviewing stages. Our extended analysis of the fraud risk management process finds that a lot of governance issues arise in the fraud risk management process that should be solved by regulators and companies in order to ensure that fraud risk management process is embedded as corporate culture, not merely as a process. Among them are how to create the risk culture in an organization and whether auditors and risk management committees identify risks from each available source.