This study conducts a comparative analysis on the difference in profitability between organically cultivated ginseng and conventionally cultivated ginseng, based on their cultivation characteristics, in order to promote the production and consumption of organic ginseng. The production quantity of organically cultivated ginseng per 10 a was 40% less than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng for both four- and six-year-old roots. In the case of four-year-old roots, although the production cost of organically cultivated ginseng was 60% higher than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng, the net profit was higher by 70%, owing to its higher selling price. In the case of six-year-old roots, the production cost of organically cultivated ginseng was 10% higher than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng, but the net profit was lower by 10%, owing to a low selling price. The reduction in production costs must be supported by a reduction in land lease and labor costs by expanding the cultivation area, a reduction of pest control costs through the self-production of environmentally friendly materials, and an improvement in the certification of perennial crops that can reduce certification costs. A reduction in production costs can lead to a decrease in consumer prices, which, in turn, would promote an increase in consumption among general consumers. Moreover, as a measure to increase the production yield per unit area, the soil nutrient content must be increased by selecting high-quality planned sites and implementing planned site management in order to increase the proportion of organic fertilizers. Furthermore, these must be supported by improved cultivation methods, which suppress early defoliation, and enhanced cultivation technology. In addition to these methods, establishing producer cooperatives in order to expand production can stabilize supply, which can increase sales through export and processing companies. Moreover, uniformity in product quality through producer cooperatives can contribute to building consumer confidence.

한약재는 저장 및 유통과정에서 약 20여종의 저장해충이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 화랑곡나방(Plodia interpunctella H.), 권연벌레(Lasioderma serricorne F.), 거짓쌀도둑거저리(Tribolium castaneum H.) 등 일부 우점해충이 이들 피해의 절반이상을 차지하고 있는 것으로 파악되고 있다. 그런데 시중유통 한약재 중에는 저장해충 외에 권련침벌 등 포식성 해충이 함께 발견되고 있으나 이에 대한 조사나 연구결과는 거의 없는 상황이다. 본 연구는 한약재 저장해충의 생태네트워크를 파악하기 위하여 기존의 문헌들을 바탕으로 이들 해충의 포식관계를 조사하고 시중유통 한약재 중 비교적 해충오염도가 높은 약재를 번식이 유리한 온습도 조건에서 보관하며 해충밀도를 높인 후 자연 증식한 숙주와 포식해충의 생태를 현미경으로 관찰하였다. 국내외 문헌조사결과 권연벌레의 천적은 권련침벌, 곤충병원성선충, 쌀바구미금좀벌, 긴털가루응애 등이 밝혀진바 있고, 화랑곡나방의 천적은 보리나방살이고치벌이 그리고 거짓쌀도둑거저리의 천적은 긴털가루응애(Tyrophagus putrescentiae S.)가 확인된바 있다. 실제로 오염 한약재인 천궁, 방풍 등을 보관하는 과정에서도 권연벌레의 밀도가 높아지자 권련침벌(Cephalonomia gallicola H.)이 크게 발생하였고, 긴털가루응애는 권연벌레와 거짓쌀도둑거저리 모두에게서 발견되었다. 그러나 권련침벌의 경우 한약재를 구입할 때부터 포장지 내에 권연벌레와 함께 있는 것이 확인되었으나 긴털가루응애는 처음부터 한약재 포장 속에 있었는지 한약재 보관실험과정에서 주변으로부터 오염되었는지는 확인되지 않았다. 긴털가루응애의 발생직후 확산속도는 습도가 높을 경우 권련침벌보다 훨씬 빨랐으며 습도를 30% 이하로 낮출 경우에는 밀도가 크게 떨어졌다. Sm. Ch. Papadopoulou(2006)는 권련침벌이 한집단내 권연벌레 유충을 평균 약 20%가량 포식하는 것으로 조사하였으나 본 관찰결과 이보다 훨씬 많이 발생하였으며 권연벌레의 밀도를 90%이상 감소시킨 경우도 있었다. 본 조사를 통해 관련 천적들이 주요 저장해충의 밀도를 어떤 조건에서 얼마나 낮출 수 있는지에 관한 계량적인 연구결과는 아직 부족하나 천적으로 활용하기에는 인체 위해성 및 다른 식품 등으로의 2차오염 가능성이 있어 다소 부적합 할 것으로 판단된다.

2007년에 도입된 인삼 임의자조금제도가 앞으로 범 인삼업 계가 참여하는 의무자조금제도로 전환될 예정이다. 인삼 의무 자조금의 성공적인 조성과 운용을 위해서는 자조금 거출액을 합리적인 수준으로 책정하고 인삼 농가들의 자발적인 참여를 유도하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이중양분선택형 조건 부가치평가법(CVM)을 이용하여 인삼 의무자조금에 대한 농 가의 지불의사액을 추정하였으며, 주요 결과 및 시사점은 다 음과 같다. 1. 인삼 의무자조금에 대한 농가 지불의사액(WTP)의 평균 값(Mean WTP)과 중앙값(Median WTP)은 각각 117.27원/kg 과 86.81원/kg으로 추정되었다. 따라서 인삼 대표자 그룹회의 에서 논의된 인삼 의무자조금 거출액인 100원/kg 수준이 무난 한 것으로 판단된다. 2. 인구통계학적 변수가 인삼 의무자조금 납부에 미치는 영 향을 검증한 결과 자조금에 대한 인지도가 높을수록, 그리고 교육수준이 높을수록 인삼 자조금을 납부할 확률이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 기존에 인삼 임의자조금을 납부해온 농가일수록 의무자 조금을 납부할 확률이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났는데, 이러한 결 과는 인삼 자조금의 경제적 효과에 대한 회의적인 태도에서 비롯된다. 따라서 향후 인삼 의무자조금사업의 성공적인 안착 을 위해서는 인삼 농가들을 대상으로 자조금의 도입 취지, 필 요성, 경제적 효과 등에 대해 보다 확실히 인식시킴으로써 자 발적인 참여를 유도하는 것이 필요하다.

국내에서 자생하는 가래나무 톱밥의 적정 첨가량을구명하여 기능성 느타리버섯 재배를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 가래나무 톱밥의 수분함량은 4.4%였고, pH는 4.5였다. 총 질소함량은 0.21%였고, 총 탄소함량은 46.0%였으며, C/N율은 219였다. 혼합배지의 pH는 접종전 5.0에서 수확 후 5.6~5.8로 약간 높았으며, 총 질소함량은 수확후배지에서 증가하였지만, 총 탄소함량은 변화가 없었으며, C/N율은 수확후배지에서 오히려 감소하였다.무기성분인 CaO, MgO, Na₂O 함량은 접종전보다 수확후배지에서 높았고, K₂O 함량은 오히려 감소하였으나, P₂O5함량은 변화가 없었다. 균사생육은 가래나무 톱밥이 20% 첨가된 배지에서 빠르고, 첨가량이증가할수록 균사생육은 느렸다. 자실체 수량은 가래나무 톱밥 10% 첨가시 163g/850mL으로 가장 높았다. 갓의 직경과 두께는 가래나무 톱밥 10% 첨가시가장 높았으며, 갓의 두께와 대의 굵기는 가래나무톱밥의 비율이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 대의 경도는가래나무 톱밥 20% 첨가시 가장 높았다. 수확기 자실체의 갓과 대의 L값은 가래나무 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였지만, a, b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 자실체의 P₂O5, K₂O의 함량은 가래나무톱밥 첨가에서 증가하였지만, CaO, MgO, Na₂O 함량은 거의 차이가 없었다. 자실체의 Cu의 함량은 가래나무 톱밥의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였지만,Fe, Mn, Zn의 함량은 증가하였다.

기능성 느타리버섯 재배를 위하여 국내에서 자생하는 구지뽕나무 톱밥의 적정 첨가량을 구명하기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 구지뽕나무 톱밥의 수분함량은 6.4%였고, pH는 7.0이였다. 총질소함량은 0.27%였고, 총탄소함량은 40.9%였으며, C/N율은 152%였다. 혼합배지의 pH는 4.9~5.0이였으며, 총 질소함량은 수확후배지에서 증가하였지만 C/N율은 오히려 감소하였다. 무기성분인 P2O5, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O함량은 구지뽕나무 톱밥의 첨가비율에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 느타리버섯 균사생장은 구지뽕나무 톱밥 10% 첨가에서 가장 빨랐지만, 다른 처리구는 대조구보다 균사 생장이 느렸다. 자실체 수량은 구지뽕나무 톱밥 20% 첨가시 162g/850㎖로 가장 높았다. 갓의 크기와 두께는 구지뽕나무 톱밥의 첨가비율에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 대의 굵기와 길이는 구지뽕나무 톱밥 20% 첨가에서 가장 높았다. 대의 경도는 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 갓의 경도는 구지뽕나무 톱밥의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 수확기 갓과 대의 색도는 구지뽕나무 톱밥 20% 첨가에서 L값이 가장 높았지만, a, b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 자실체의 무기성분과 미량원소의 함량은 구지뽕나무 톱밥 30% 첨가에서 약간 높았다.

기능성 느타리버섯 재배를 위하여 국내에서 자생하는 감태나무의 적정 첨가량을 구명하기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 감태나무 톱밥의 수분함량은 6.8%였고, pH는 6.0이였다. 총질소함량은 0.16%였고, 총탄소함량은 40.9%였으며, C/N율은 215이었다. 혼합배지의 pH는 4.8~5.0이였으며, 총질소함량은 2.8~3.0%로 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 무기성분인 P2O5, CaO, MgO, Na2O 함량은 감태나무 톱밥의 첨가비율이 높아질수록 증가하였지만, K2O 함량은 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 느타리버섯 균사 생육은 감태나무 톱밥 첨가시 오히려 빨랐으며, 자실체의 수량은 감태나무 톱밥 20%첨가시에 163g/850㎖로 가장 높았다. 갓의 크기와 두께는 감태나무 톱밥의 첨가비율이 높아질수록 증가하였고, 대의 굵기와 길이도 증가하였다. 대의 경도는 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 갓의 경도는 감태나무 톱밥의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 수확기 갓의 색도를 측정한 결과 L값은 감태나무 톱밥 10% 첨가시 가장 높았으며, 첨가비율이 높을수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였지만, a, b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다.

면실박을 대체하기 위하여 국내에서 유기성 폐자원으로 생산되는 홍삼박의 첨가량을 구명하기위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 홍삼박의 총 탄소함량은 45%, 총 질소함량은 2.7%이었으며, C/N율은 16.7이었다. 혼합배지의 이화학성 중 pH는 4.6∼4.9이였으며, 총 질소함량은 2.5∼2.8로 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 홍삼박 첨가량에 따라 인산(P2O5), 칼륨(K2O), 마그네슘(MgO)함량은 감소하였으나, 홍삼박만 20% 첨가시에는 오히려 증가하였다. 그러나 칼슘(CaO)함량은 홍삼박 첨가량에 따라 증가하였으나. 나트륨(Na2O)의 함량은 거의 변화가 없었다. 느타리버섯 균사 생육은 홍삼박의 첨가량이 증가할수록 균사생장 속도는 늦었으며, 자실체 수량은 면실박의 50%까지 첨가하여도 대조구와 뚜렷한 차이가 없었지만, 면실박 대신 홍삼박만 20%첨가시에는 수량이 급격하게 줄어들었다. 자실체 갓직경은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었고, 대의 굵기는 홍삼박처리에서 조금 높았으나 길이에는 차이가 없었다. 수확기 갓의 색도를 측정한 결과 L값은 홍삼박첨가량에 따라 감소하였지만 a, b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다.

느타리버섯은 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 버섯류중 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 버섯으로 균상재배 위주에서 봉지나 병 재배로 옮겨 가고 있다. 병재배 느타리버섯은 주로 톱밥, 비트 펄프, 면실박을 일정한 비율로 혼합하여 재배를 하고 있으며, 이들 재료들의 대부분은 수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 면실박을 대체하기 위하여 국내에서 유기성폐자원으로 생산되는 홍삼박의 첨가량을 구명하기위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 홍삼박의 총탄소함량은 45%, 총질소함량은 2.7이었으며, C/N율은 16.7이었다. 혼합배지의 화학성 중 pH는 4.6∼4.9이였으며, 총질소함량은 2.5∼2.8로 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 인산(P2O5), 칼륨(K2O), 마그네슘(MgO)함량은 홍삼박 첨가량에 따라 감소하였으나, 홍삼박 20% 첨가시에는 오히려 증가하였다. 그러나 칼슘(CaO)함량은 홍삼박 첨가량에 따라 증가하였으나. 나트륨(Na2O)의 함량은 거의 변화가 없었다. 느타리버섯 균사 생육은 홍삼박의 첨가량이 증가할수록 균사생장 속도는 늦었으며, 자실체 수량은 면실박의 50%까지 첨가하여도 대조구와 뚜렷한 차이가 없었지만, 면실박 대신 홍삼박만 20%첨가시에는 수량이 급격하게 줄어들었다. 자실체 갓직경은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었고, 대의 굵기는 홍삼박처리에서 조금 높았으나 길이에는 차이가 없었다. 수확기 갓의 색도를 측정한 결과 a값은 홍삼박첨가량에 따라 증가하였지만 b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다.

Background: Ginseng produced by hydroponics can be cultivated without using agricultural chemicals; thus, it can be used as a raw materials for functional foods, medicines, and cosmetics. This study aimed to determine the optimal harvesting time to obtain the highest levels of ginsenoside and ginseng, as this was not previously unknown. Methods and Results: One-year-old organic ginseng seedlings were transplanted and cultivated using hydroponics for 150 days in a venlo-type greenhouse, using ginseng nursery bed soil and a nutrient solution (NO3 −-N; 6.165, P; 3.525, K; 5.625, Ca; 4.365, Mg; 5.085, S; 5.31 mEq/ℓ). Ginsenoside content and fresh and dry weights were higher at 120 days after transplanting than at 30, 60, 90, and 150 days. Total ginsenoside content was 11.86 times higher in the leaf and stem than in the root at 120 days after transplanting. Ginsenosides F1, F2, F3, and F5 were detected in ginseng leaves and stems. These chemical compounds are known to be effective in altering skin properties, including whitening, anti-inflammation, and anti-aging. Conclusions: Optimal harvesting time for ginseng cultivated using hydroponics was 120 days after transplanting when the biomass and ginsenoside content were highest.

Green manure crops can be efficient replacements of high nutrient materials such as livestock compost, organic fertilizers, etc. in organic farming. Grass-legume mixtures or mixed cropping of legumes with non-legumes can aid in abating the shortcomings of each plant type under monoculture (i.e. legumes have low biomass yields while grasses are poor at fixing nitrogen). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of barley (B) and hairy vetch (H) mixtures on green manure yield in nutrient accumulated organic upland soils of Korea. In one cropping season, single crops of barley and hairy vetch (Barley: 160 kg/ha, Hairy vetch: 90 kg/ha) as well as mixtures of both crops at different seeding rates (B66:H33, B33: H66) were grown and the obtained results are as shown below. The biomass yield and nutrient productivities were higher in barley-hairy vetch mixture. The biomass yield and total phosphorus content were higher for the mixed crops by 78~132% and 200% respectively than those of the hairy vetch monoculture. Total nitrogen content of the mixed crops was also higher than those of the barley monoculture by 43~44%. The biomass yield (5.60 Mg/ha) and nutrient contents (87.7 kg N/ha, 23 kg P2O5/ha) were highest in the case of B66:H33 seeding rate. Accordingly, this study concludes that the barley-hairy vetch mixtures cropped at B66:H33 seeding rate is efficient in increasing green manure productivity due to complementary effects observed and the highest biomass yield and nutrient contents.

Background : This study was performed to investigate change in OnjisaponinB contents of Polygala tenuifolia depending on drying methods. Methods and Results : For this study, 5-years-old Polygala tenuifolia local cultivars from RDA(Eumseong) were used. Before starting to drying, root was shade-dried for 3 days and separated with the lead. Next, two types of drying methods conducted; natural drying and hot air drying. Hot air drying was controlled at 40℃, 50℃, 60℃ and 70℃ and checked with every 3 hours. Dried root from market was used as control group. The water content of raw root was about 52.04%. When it started to dry, the contents of it significantly decreased. The dried roots from market were 6.25 - 6.84%. To be under 7% of water contents, 6 hours of drying was enough in natural drying methods and 40℃, 50℃hot air drying methods. In case of 60℃, 70℃ hot air drying methods, it took under 3 hours. The OnjisaponinB contents of raw root was 0.53%. The dried root from market had 0.74% of onjisaponinB. During the drying, the contents of OnjisaponinB changed depending on the drying methods. Hot air drying method had more effect on OnjisaponinB contents than natural drying method. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that natural drying methods was enough to drop the water content of Polygala tenuifolia. Because during pre-treatment steps including shade-drying and separating lead, much of water contents already decreased and became easy to lose water. However to get more OnjisaponinB, hot air drying methods can beneficial than natural drying methods.

Backgoound : Various varieties of Schisandra chinensis (Omija) are grown in various regions of Korea. However, there is no study on varieties with excellent efficacy for each variety. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to select the excellent lineage by analyzing the active compounds of Omija collection species Methods and Results : 154 lineage of Omija was collected from Muju of Jeollabuk-do, Jangsu of Jeollabuk-do and Hoengseong of Gangwon-do. They were cultivated in test-research farm in Rural Development Administration at Eumseong of Chungcheongbuk-do and used as materials. In order to analyze the active compounds (Shizandrin A, Shizandrin C, Gomisin A, Gomisin N) in Omija, the HPLC method described in the Korean Pharmacopoeia (compounds of Omija indicator) was used. As a result of analysis of functional compounds, SC-003, SC-005, SC-013, SC-015, SC-019, SC-020, SC-022, SC-023, SC-040, SC-042, SC-045, SC-066, SC-069 and SC-072 were collected from Jangsu, Jeollabuk-do, SC-082 was collected from Hoengseong, Gangwon-do and SC-139 was collected from Muju, Jeollabuk-do showed higher contents of functional compounds than other collected species. Conclusion : As demand for high income crop has increased, new cultivar breeding is required to produce high quality Schisandra chinensis (Omija). In this study, Shisandra A, Shizandrin C, Gomisin A and Gomisin N were analyzed as functional compounds of Omija. They can be used for new Omija breeding. Especially SC-003, SC-019, SC-022, SC-040, SC-045, SC-069 and SC-082 can be superior lineags with high functional compound contents.

Background : Recently, there is a urgent demand for development of new varieties with enhanced resistance to various biotic/abiotic stresses. In order to develop ginseng varieties with such traits, systematic breeding program and comprehensive field studies are prerequisite. Methods and Results : ‘Jinwon' seeds were collected in 2003 from the farmer field of Pocheon. Physiological investigation and propagation were conducted from 2008 to 2010. It was given the name 'Eumseong No. 11 through the observed yield trial from 2011 to 2013 and local adaptability was carried out from 2014 to 2017. All phenotypes including agronomic characteristics, seed yield, and physiological response to biotic/abiotic stresses were investigated according to the ginseng GAP and UPOV guidelines. Red leaf and red berry at maturing stage were observed. The time of emergence, flowering and berry maturity of the ‘Jinwon’ were faster than those of ‘Chunpoong’. Stem length of ‘Jinwon’ was longer than that of ‘Chunpoong’, whereas stem diameter was thicker than that of ‘Chunpoong’. Main root length was similar but main root diameter is thicker than that of ‘Chunpoong’. The yield performance of this variety was 576 ㎏/10 a in local adaptability test for two years, which is 9% higher than that of ‘Chunpoong’. ‘Jinwon’ showed strong resistance at high temperatures. Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that ‘Jinwon’ is an ideal variety with heavier root weight and enhanced stress resistance and contribute will enhance biotic/abiotic stress resistance and increase the farmers' income.

Background: Ginseng is a perennial crop grown for more than four years in the same place. Therefore, it is highly affected by the soil environment, especially nutrients in the soil. The present study was carried out to investigate to the influence of boron and iron concentrations on the physiological status, growth, and mineral uptake of ginseng to obtain the basic information for diagnosing a physiological disorder in ginseng plants. Methods and Results: The boron and iron concentrations were controlled at 3, 30, 150, 300 and 2, 20, 100, 200㎎/ℓ, respectively. When treated with 150㎎/ℓ of boron, the ginseng plants showed yellowing or necrosis symptoms at the edge or end of their leaves. Compared with the 3㎎/ℓ treatment, the root weight decreased by 13 and 24% in the 150 and 300㎎/ℓ treatments, respectively. When treated with 20㎎/ℓ of iron, the ginseng plants showed yellowing between the veins of the leaves followed by the formation of brown spots. The root weight gradually decreased with increasing iron concentration. Approximately 55% decrease in root weight was observed upon treatment with 200㎎/ℓ of iron. Conclusions: The boron toxicity occurs in the leaves of ginseng at the boron concentration of approximately 1,900㎎/㎏ or more. The iron toxicity occurs at the iron concentration of approximately 120㎎/㎏ for leaves and 270㎎/㎏ for roots.

Background : This study aimed to investigate the effect of elevated temperature by climate change on growth and ginsenoside contents of Korean ginseng, which requires low temperature during growth period. Methods and Results : Yunpoong was transplanted in temperature gradient chamber (TGC) for high temperature treatment and then growth characteristics and ginsenoside contents were investigated by growth period. Stem length, petiole length, leaf length and leaf width were increased as the temperature was higher than Ambient Temperature (Amb), but stalk diameter was decreased and small petiole length, number of petiole and leaf were no significant difference. Root growth, whereas, including length diameter and weight were decreased as the temperature was higher than Amb. Compared with Amb, root length, diameter and weight were decreased by 19.6%, 22.4% and 41.5% at Amb+6, respectively. The higher the temperatures are associated with the more ginsenoside contents. Compared to Amb, total ginsenoside contents were increased by 68% and 78% at Amb+4℃ and Amb+6℃, respectively. Almost all contents of individual ginsenoside, with the exception of Rg1, made a significant difference. Conclusion : When temperatures rises during growth period, the growth of ginseng was decreased but, ginsenoside contents were increased.

Background : This study for the stable production and supply of seeds of Angelica gigas Nakai(Man-chu Korean Angelica), when seeds harvested using nets, seed productivity was investigated. Methods and Results : Planting density is 50 × 25cm, Fertilizer per 10a was sprayed amount of N-P2O5-K2O = 16-17-10kg. And the amount of compost per 10a was sprayed 3000kg. Seed harvesting nets were used for a time formed the endosperm of the seeds (later in mid-August to late). And net for seed production was used for onion nets (at least 13 × 18cm). Shoot growth conditions were as follows. Bolting rate was 89.0% in the untreated, the treated group was 93.1%. The length and thickness of each stem was 129.3 ~ 130.8cm, 1.8cm. The number of nodes per plant was 6.7 ~ 7.5 pieces, and the number of petiole was 14.8 ~ 15.5 per plant. The number of umbel was 10.3 ~ 11.1 piece per plant, and number of deleted umbel was 7.1 ~ 7.2 piece. Seed weight per plant was 24.2g of the net treatment, but ripening seeds 19.6g, 1000 grain weight were all treated and untreated 2.8g. The total seed weight per plant, the net treated was 24.2g, was the weight of the ripening seeds 19.6g. The weight of the ripening seeds were heavier than those of the control. However, the weight of 1000 grain were both treated and untreated 2.8g. When treated nets, the total seed yield per 10a was 88.0kg production, increased by 60.9% compared to untreated. In addition, the ripening seed production per 10a was 71.5kg production, increased by 50.1% compared to untreated. Researching after germination Seed Production, germination rate was 50.8% in the control group and the treatment group was 54.9%. When applying the germination rate, high-quality seed production per 10a was able to produce 39.2kg, compared to control obtain the results increased by 65%. Conclusion : Through the above results, When producing angelica seed, use of net for seed production is thought to be used as a way to prevent early shattering and insect damage.(True bug, etc.).

Background : Curcuma longa L., is a very famous spice and medicinal herb in several countries of the world. Curcumin and volatile oils of C. longa improve hepatic and renal functions, and could be used against biliary disorders, diabetic and hepatic disorders. This medicinal plant was introduced for the regional promotion, Jeollanam-do, as the subtropic area in Korea. In the present study, the plant was introduced to the Jeollanam-do region of Korea with the aim to determine the optimal planting densities for growth characteristics, yield and curcumin contents which have not been reported up until now. Methods and Results : The field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Division of Traditional Korean Medicine Resource, NIKOM, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. The seedstock was planted at 40×20cm, 40×30cm and 40×40cm spacing with 3 replications. Nine plants were selected randomly for observations on growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, leaves number, leaves area and to dry weight at days after transplanting (DAT) 90, 120 and 150. The dried samples of plant were stored in air tight polythene bags at room temperature for HPLC analysis of curcumin, which was undertaken following standard procedures. Top plant growth was observed in the 40×30cm planting density of C. longa, plant height, leaves number, leaves area and day shoot weight were larger than in the other treatments. Root length, root diameter and supporting roots of underground part were increased as planting density was wide, and dry root weight was increased in 40×30cm. However, yield and curcumin constituent was highest each 294 kg/10a and 68.7 mg/g in the planting density of 40×20cm. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, planting density of 40×20cm is the most suitable in the cultivation and curcumin constituents of C. longa.