This study conducts a comparative analysis on the difference in profitability between organically cultivated ginseng and conventionally cultivated ginseng, based on their cultivation characteristics, in order to promote the production and consumption of organic ginseng. The production quantity of organically cultivated ginseng per 10 a was 40% less than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng for both four- and six-year-old roots. In the case of four-year-old roots, although the production cost of organically cultivated ginseng was 60% higher than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng, the net profit was higher by 70%, owing to its higher selling price. In the case of six-year-old roots, the production cost of organically cultivated ginseng was 10% higher than that of conventionally cultivated ginseng, but the net profit was lower by 10%, owing to a low selling price. The reduction in production costs must be supported by a reduction in land lease and labor costs by expanding the cultivation area, a reduction of pest control costs through the self-production of environmentally friendly materials, and an improvement in the certification of perennial crops that can reduce certification costs. A reduction in production costs can lead to a decrease in consumer prices, which, in turn, would promote an increase in consumption among general consumers. Moreover, as a measure to increase the production yield per unit area, the soil nutrient content must be increased by selecting high-quality planned sites and implementing planned site management in order to increase the proportion of organic fertilizers. Furthermore, these must be supported by improved cultivation methods, which suppress early defoliation, and enhanced cultivation technology. In addition to these methods, establishing producer cooperatives in order to expand production can stabilize supply, which can increase sales through export and processing companies. Moreover, uniformity in product quality through producer cooperatives can contribute to building consumer confidence.

The hollow fiber membranes were prepared via hybrid process of the thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) and the non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS). The spinning dope solution consisted of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) / dibutyl phthalate (DBP) / 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), where DBP was used as a diluent and NMP as a solvent for PVDF. Various bore fluids were tested different ratio solvent/diluent mixture. Depending on the miscibility of dope solution and internal coagulant the samples underwent the different phase separation mechanisms and rates. Phase separation mechanism study for various combinations were performed to support the interpretation of the membrane structure. Membrane characterizations were performed such as water flux, porosity, pore size, and mechanical strength.

The hollow fiber membranes were prepared via hybrid process of the thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) and the non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS). The spinning dope solution consisted of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) / dibutyl phthalate (DBP) / 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), where DBP was used as a diluent and NMP as a solvent for PVDF. Bore fluids were tested different ratio solvent/ethanol and diluent/ethanol mixture. The membrane structure was analyzed by SEM and FT-IR to confirm phase separation mechanisms. Various structures were obtained due to the different phase separation mechanism. Membrane characterizations were performed such as water flux, pore size, rejection efficiencies and mechanical strength.