For the unconfined vapor cloud explosion accident by the continuous release of gas-liquid flow of various saturated liquids in a vessel at ground level, overpressures were estimated and analyzed with various release conditions and materials by TNT equivalency model with vapor dispersion. We found that at same release conditions, overpressure showed n-heptane > xylene > n-hexane > toluene > n-heptane > benzene, respectively and that overpressure was increased with increasing the hole diameter and the storage pressure, but it was increased with decreasing the wind speed, the interested distance, and the vessel thickness.

The consequence analysis for the unconfined vapor cloud explosion(UVCE) accident by the continuous release of butane vapor was performed and effects of process parameters on consequences were analyzed in standard conditions. For the case of continuous release(87.8 kg/s) of butane vapor at 8 m elevated height in the debutanizing process of tile naphtha cracking plant operating at 877 kPa ＆ 346.75 K, we found that combustion ranges of dispersed vapor estimated by HMP model were 11.2~120.2 m and overpressures estimated by TNT equivalency model at 200 m were about 37.35~55.1 kPa. Also, overpressures estimated by Model UVCE I based on advective travel time to XLFL were smaller than those estimated by Model UVCE IIbased on real travel time between XUFL and XLFL. At the same time, damage intensities at 200 m and effect ranges by overpressure could be predicted. Furthermore, simulation results showed that effects of operating pressures on consequences were larger than those of operating temperatures and results of accidents were increased with increasing operating pressures. At this time, sensitivities of overpressures for UVCE accident by the continuous release were about 5 kPa/atm.

연속배양방식으로 서낙동강 저서층의 영양염 용출 및 이에 미치는 환경요인의 영향을 분석하였다. 희석율 감소는 배양기 수층의 영양염 농축을 초래하여 저서층에서 용출되는 N과 P의 용출율을 저하시켰으며, NH4 +와 PO4 3-의 용출은 저산소 조건에서 촉진되었다. 미생물의 활성을 저해하는 저온과 중금속은 NH4 +와 PO4 3-의 용출에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았지만 NO3 -의 농도에 많은 영향을 미쳐 NH4 +와 PO4 3-의 용출은 무생물학적 요인에 의해서도 많은 영향을 받지만 NO3 -는 질화세균에 의한 용출 NH4 +의 산화로 대부분 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 낮은 희석율과 용존산소 조건에서 측정한 서낙동강 저서층의 NH4 +와 PO4 3-의 용출율은 각각 평균 20.4 mg-N m-2 day-1, 8.1 mg-P m-2 day-1로, 서낙동강의 평균 수면적과 저수량 및 체류시간을 고려하면 저서층의 영양염 용출이 서낙동강 수층의 NH4 +와 PO4 3- 농도의 6.6~39.8, 63.0~100%에 해당하여 서낙동강의 부영양 화에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정된다.