본 연구에서는 총각무에 검출빈도가 높은 3성분의 농약 을 선택하여 농약 침지 후 잔류농약이 총각김치제조 과정에서 제거되는 정도를 측정하였다. 총각무의 절임과 세척 과정 후에는 초기 처리농도에 대비 잎은 diazinon, diniconazole 및 dimethomorph 각각 43.8%, 41.9% 및 89.8%가 제거되었으며, 뿌리는 59.5%, 54.7% 및 85.1%가 제거되었다. 4oC에서 김치를 숙성하는 과정 중 농약의 잔류량은 4주간의 숙성기간 동안 초기 처리농도 대비 잎은 diazinon 82.4%, diniconazole 77.1% 그리고 dimethomorph 98.9%가 제거되었고, 뿌리의 경우 diazinon 94.0%, diniconazole 91.8% 그리고 dimethomorph 90.0%가 제거되었다. 총각김치 잔류농약 제거율을 제조과정별 상대적인 백분율로 나타낸 결과 절임과정에서 가장 많은 잔류농약 제거율을 보였으며, 그 결과 농약 3종은 44.6%-66.5%가 제거되었다. 반면 뿌리에서 diazinon, diniconazole은 숙성과정에서 51.8%-55.8%로 가장 많은 잔류농약 제거율을 보였다. 3종의 농약이 잔류하는 김치를 0oC, 4oC에서 4주간 숙성시키면서 온도에 따른 농약제거율의 차이를 살펴본 결과, diazinon은 뿌리에서 4oC가 0oC에 비해 농약제거율이 2.7%-10.8%가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 그 이외의 농약에서는 숙성온도 별 잔류농약 제거율의 차이는 미미한 것으로 확인되었다.

담배나방(Heliocoverpa assulta)와 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua)유충에 대한 유기인계 살충제인 다이아지논과 담배의 산물인 니코틴의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 본 실험을 시행하였다. 다이아지논이 처리된 담배나방유충의 사망률은 파밤나방유충의 경우보다 훨씬 높았으며 니코틴 처리구에서는 이와 반대양상을 나타내었다. 담배나방유충 중장의 cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MFO) 활성은 다이아지논 처리구에 비해서 니코틴 처리구에서 더욱 높게 나타났다. 담배나방유충을 기주식물인 담배잎으로 사육하였을 때 다른 화합물과는 달리 대부분의 니코틴은 변화 없이 배설되었다.

Carbofuran (2,3-Dihydro-2,2-Dimethyl-benzofuranyl methyl carbamate)와 Diazinon (0,0-Diethyl-0-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate)을 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5, 5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, 1:9, 0:10의 비율로 혼합하여 거세미나방 3냉기유충의 가운데 가슴등판에 1.0μl씩 국소처리 하였을 때, 이들의 연합독작용을 평가하였다. Carbofuran Diazinon을 혼합하였을 경우 거세미 나방 3령기유충에 대해서 협력작용(Synergism)을 나타내었으며 Carbofuran과 Diazinon을 4.8 : 5.2의 비율로 혼합하였을 때 최대의 협력효과(Synergistic effect)를 얻을 수가 있었다.

A QuEChERS method was developed for the analysis of diazinon, chlorfenapyr, and lufenuron in Napa cabbage. These pesticides represent three different chemical classes and are commonly used in cabbage production in Korea. The objective of the proposed method is a fast, inexpensive, and easy extraction of pesticides, followed by rapid analysis. The proposed method involves a microscale extraction using acetonitrile and dispersive solid phase extraction (SPE), allowing for time and materials savings. The pesticides were separated and quantified using reversed-phase HPLC-UV at 220 nm. The calibration curves showed good linearity (R2>0.97), and the limits of detection and quantification were ≤0.05 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. Intraday and interday recoveries were in the range 97-116% and 101-112% with RSD% ≤9% for concentrations between 0.5-5 mg/kg. Abnormal recoveries and a substantial matrix effect were initially observed for lufenuron, signaling that optimization of lufenuron recovery requires a slight modification of the method. The proposed method was tested on cabbage samples sold at local markets, which showed no detectable residues of the target pesticides. The proposed method could thus be used for monitoring these pesticides in cabbage and similar vegetables.

The midge samples were undertaken at three streams, representing different surrounding environments, to investigate the contaminant exposure of midge. The content of heavy metals in midge collected in Singil stream were generally higher as a result of input to the industrial effluents with respect to other streams. Adsorption experiments were done to evaluate the possibility of removing contaminants from water with midge. Diazinon and heavy metals were contaminant target compounds in this study. The removal rate of diazinon in water by midge was 60-75%. In the case of Cu, the removal rate was reached around 90% at the lower initial concentration of 1.87 and 0.81 ppm rather than 4.25 ppm. The reduction of concentration of Cr and Cd according to the lapse of time was similar to the Cu, but their removal rates were shown 50% and 60-74%, respectively. The removal rate of Zn by midge represented relatively high level within the experimental condition. No change in concentration of Cr and As with time were occurred at all experimental conditions. It accounts for the fact that the reduction of Cr and As could not be achieved through the adsorption process, using midge.

Considerable interest has been shown in recent years towards utilizing TiO2 particles as a photocatalyst in the degradation of harmful organic contaminants. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of diazinon which is extensively used as a pesticide in the agriculture field, has been investigated with UV-illuminated TiO2 in aqueous suspension as a function of the following different experimental parameters : initial concentration of diazinon, TiO2 weight, UV wavelength, pH of the solution. Photodegradation rate increased with decreasing initial concentration of diazinon and with increasing pH of the solution. Photodegradation rate increased with increasing TiO2 weight, but was nearly the same at TiO2 weight of 1 g/ℓ , 2 g/ℓ , i.e., for initial diazinon concentration of 5 ㎎/ℓ . UV wavelength affecting on the degradation rate of diazinon decreased in the order of 254 nm > 312 nm > 365 nm. For TiO2 weight of 1 g/ℓ and initial diazinon concentration of 5 ㎎/ℓ , the photodegradation removal of diazinon was 100% after 130 min in the case of 254 nm, but 95% in the case of 312 nm, and 84% in the case of 365 nm, after 180 min. The photodegradation of diazinon followed a first order or a pseudo-first order reaction rate. For initial diazinon concentration of 5 ㎎/ℓ , the rate constants(k) in UV and TiO2(1g/ℓ )/UV system were 0.006 min-1 and 0.0252 min-1 at 254 nm, 0.0055 min-1 and 0.0104 min-1 at 312 nm, and 0.004 min-1 and 0.0092 min-1 at 365 nm respectively.