Healthcare disparities that occur depending on where an individual lives cause health inequities which is an important task that the government must solve to guarantee the people's right to health. In this study, three main aspects were proposed to address regional healthcare disparities; strengthening public health care, establishing a system for citizen participation in the process of establishing the community health plan, and utilizing the primary health care post. To address the urgent issue of medical gaps or vulnerability in essential medical services, practical alternatives were suggested by enhancing public health care and efficiently utilizing private medical resources. The use of surveys in the planning stages of regional health projects to gather resident opinions has limitations in capturing diverse and in-depth perspectives. Therefore, it is proposed to institutionalize resident participation to establish a foundation for applying varied opinions throughout the entire process of the community health plan. Lastly, to improve medical service accessibility for residents in medically vulnerable areas, it is recommended to expand and enhance the quantity and quality of the primary health care post. It is anticipated that these measures will alleviate health inequities caused by regional healthcare disparities and ultimately enhance the overall health of the population.

This study aims to explore the theoretical concepts of inclusive development in relation to the spatial context, assessment the disparities in the social and economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan and substantiate the main mechanisms for overcoming them. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of social and economic development in the regions of Kazakhstan. In this study used methods, which based on measuring disproportions between the levels of economic and social development of the regions, as well as disproportions between the republican and regional levels. According to the author’s methodological approach, complex and integral indexes have calculated over the period 2012-2017 for a number of indicators adapted to the conditions of Kazakhstan. The calculated indexes proposed to use as instruments for measuring the level of the social and economic development. In addition, according the obtained indexes and the results of their ranking can be the basis for the development of regional programs and management decisions. This will improve the targeted support of the population in backward regions in order to ensure inclusive development and improve the quality of life of the population.

본 연구에서는 중국 지역간 유아교육여건의 격차를 분석하고 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다. 분석변수로는 원아 100명당 기관수, 학급당 원아수, 정교사당 원아수, 원아당 교육비 등을 사용 하였고, 범위, 표준편차, 편차계수, 지니계수, 역맥룬지수 등을 적용하여 지역각 격차를 측정하 였다. 2004년, 2007년, 2010년의 통계자료를 활용하여 분석한 결과, 중국의 지역간 유아교육여 건 격차는 분석변수와 측정지표에 따라 다양한 양상을 보였으나, 전반적으로는 형평성이 개선 되고 있다. 그러나 일부 지표에서는 격차가 심화되고, 특히 하위지역간 불평등이 지속되고 있 는 것으로 나타났다. 결론에서는 분석 결과를 바탕으로 유아교육의 기회균등을 제고하기 위한 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.

This study was carried out to analyze the disparities of basic living infrastructure between Guns(rural counties), and between Eups/Myuns(rural districts) in Jeollanam-do province. For the purpose of this study, dimensions of regional disparity in basic living structure were measured by 3 components ; road, public water service and sewage disposal. By utilizing the published statistics, this study has examined 8 Guns(counties) containing Eup and Myon in Jeollanam-do province which can represent 4 different rural areal types, respectively, i,e. mountainous, semi-mountainous, flat and seashore areas. The data acquisition time of this study is fixed on end of 2009 year in order for possible collections of the most recent published statistics. It presents evidence on the magnitude and evolution of discussion of regional disparities between Guns(counties), and between Eup & Myon, and between Myons in Jeollanam-do province even though infrastructure provision level of Jeollanam-do rural areas are much more improved than the past. Concludingly, the existing disparities in this area is meaningful and so, it should be seriously reconsidered when deciding local government's budget allocation priority.