How will machines affect humans, can humans be leading in machine problems, or can humans present new possibilities beyond human-machine confrontation? This study attempts to reflect on the relationship between the high-tech revolution and convergence by focusing on the 'care problem'. First of all, in order to proceed with this study, I would like to discuss how artificial intelligence robots based on the Fourth Industrial Revolution are revealing their effectiveness in caring problems. In the interaction between humans and artificial intelligence emotions, it is emphasized that the question of right and wrong as to whether the other person's emotions are properly understood is not important, and that more valid justification can be secured for humans and artificial intelligence robots to reconcile and establish a relationship through emotional exchange. If this is the case, rather than discussing whether artificial intelligence robots can interact with humans through empathy, it should be focused on the fact that caring patients who require physical and mental care through artificial intelligence robots can achieve quite effective treatment effects through artificial intelligence robots.

This study was conducted to in-depth understand and describe the thoughts and experiences of nursing students in the practice of the intensive care unit. Data was collected through focus group interviews with 14 nursing students who voluntarily participated in the study targeting students who practiced the intensive care unit and analyzed by the content analysis. As a result of the study, two themes, 'ethical challenges faced in intensive care unit practice' and 'incomplete reflection, were derived. The categories included in the former were 'feeling wrong in the appearance of a nurse', 'thinking about a good nurse', 'thinking about the cause of the wrong practice', and the categories included in the latter were ''fear of being assimilated', and 'pledge oneself by put yourself in someone else's shoes’. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop ethics education to become a nurse who can form correct ethical comfortment, including ethics education in clinical practice instruction as well as classroom instruction.

Healthcare disparities that occur depending on where an individual lives cause health inequities which is an important task that the government must solve to guarantee the people's right to health. In this study, three main aspects were proposed to address regional healthcare disparities; strengthening public health care, establishing a system for citizen participation in the process of establishing the community health plan, and utilizing the primary health care post. To address the urgent issue of medical gaps or vulnerability in essential medical services, practical alternatives were suggested by enhancing public health care and efficiently utilizing private medical resources. The use of surveys in the planning stages of regional health projects to gather resident opinions has limitations in capturing diverse and in-depth perspectives. Therefore, it is proposed to institutionalize resident participation to establish a foundation for applying varied opinions throughout the entire process of the community health plan. Lastly, to improve medical service accessibility for residents in medically vulnerable areas, it is recommended to expand and enhance the quantity and quality of the primary health care post. It is anticipated that these measures will alleviate health inequities caused by regional healthcare disparities and ultimately enhance the overall health of the population.

This study aimed to develop the Traumatic Event Experience Scale in Perioperative Nurses (TEE-PON) and assess its validity and reliability. The TEE-PON underwent two distinct phases: scale development and scale evaluation. In the scale development phase, an initial set of 26 preliminary items was formulated through a comprehensive literature review and a focus group interview. Content validity was assessed by six experts, resulting in a refined total of 16 items after eliminating 10 items and modifying six others. In the scale evaluation phase, a survey was administered to 109 perioperative nurses. Following item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, the final scale emerged with four distinct factors encompassing 15 items. These factors were identified as ‘Conflict and violence in interpersonal relationships,’ ‘The death of a patient,’ ‘Witnessing the patient’s damaged body,’ and ‘Limitations of the work environment’. Correlation analysis between these sub-factors and post-traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and job satisfaction confirmed the concurrent validity of the scale. The Cronbach’s α for the internal consistency of the finalized scale was 0.89, with sub-scales exhibiting values ranging from 0.69 to 0.87. The TEE-PON can be used as a valuable tool for assessing traumatic events experienced by perioperative nurses. Additionally, it can contribute to the development of intervention programs aimed at preventing post-traumatic stress disorder and compassion fatigue while concurrently enhancing job satisfaction.