Since their initial development in 2012, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained popularity worldwide as a desired option for harnessing energy. The urgent demand for TENGs is attributed to their novel structural design, low cost, and use of large-scale materials. The output performance of a TENG depends on the surface charge density of the friction layers. Several recycled and biowaste materials have been explored as friction layers to enhance the output performance of TENGs. Natural and oceanic biomaterials have also been investigated as alternatives for improving the performance of TENG devices. Moreover, structural innovations have been made in TENGs to develop highly efficient devices. This review summarizes the recent developments in recycling and biowaste materials for TENG devices. The potential of natural and oceanic biowaste materials is also discussed. Finally, future outlooks for the structural developments in TENG devices are presented.

본 연구의 목적은 스마트시티 구축의 핵심인 수소연료전지의 활용형태를 분석하고 해결방안을 제시하는 것이다. 수소연료전지를 활용하는 발전소의 경우 간헐성 문제가 없다는 장점 때문에 향후 가장 유망한 사용 형태로 분석됐다. 다만 많은 장점에도 불구하고 폭발 우려와 특정 수소 생산방식의 경우 이산화탄소 발생 문제 등으로 지역주민들의 반발이 지속적 으로 나타나고 있어 이를 해결하는 것이 스마트시티 구축의 주요 관건이 될 것으로 분석된다. 마지막으로 현재의 수소 생산 방식을 분석하고 이에 따른 문제점을 파악하여 스마트시티의 완전한 구축을 위한 해결책을 제시하였다.

The green craze has hit all the world lately. The green revolution which means immense changes for sustainable development under the new environment-economy system is foretelling that we should have new angle to the environment and economy. This paper is about the development of the model and indicators for construction of ECO(Energy Circulating Organic)-Village which is the green growth option of local community. This model is composed of three concepts - SPDC (about procedural methodology of Model), Virtuous Circle (about functional relationships of three requisites), Network (about spatial relationships between communities) - and evaluation indicators. Environment, tourism, industry (Energy & Organic Agriculture) are set as the three requisites for green growth of local community. Nations of the world plunge into the green war which is silent, general, sweeping changes. We can not win this war with the existing thinking system and policy. We need revolutionary changes reconsidering of environmental value and sustainable development strategy of the region. Each of us should go through the changes and this work would be the one among those efforts.