Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FMB1), ochratoxin A, T2 toxin, and zearalenone, are found in numerous vegetables. Mycotoxin accumulation in food and feed poses serious health risks to humans and animals because of carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and toxic properties. In addition, mycotoxins cause large economic losses in commercial crop production, food and feed processing, and animal husbandry worldwide. In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of the levels of AFB1, DON, and FMB1 in cow blood with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. AOZTM and Myco6in1TM multitoxin immunoaffinity columns and an OasisTM reversed-phase solid-phase extraction Hydrophilic-Lipophilic-Balanced columns were used to purify and concentrate the blood samples. Extracts that contained AFB1, DON, and FMB1 had average recovery of 64.0%, 98.0%, and 89.9%, respectively. In conclusion, we used LC-MS/MS to detect several important toxicological mycotoxins in cow blood. The multimycotoxin method, which detected and quantified the levels of AFB1, DON, and FMB1 can be used in animal pilot studies to monitor simultaneous exposure to major mycotoxins.

옥수수에 5㎍/g의 FB_1을 인위적으로 첨가한 후 co-rotating mixing twin screw extruder를 사용하여 140, 160, 및 180℃에서 각각 screw speed를 80, 100 및 120rpm으로 조정하여 extrusion 처리하였다. Extrusion 처리에 의한 FB_1 감소율은 약 41∼45% 수준이었으며, 처리 조건에 따른 차이는 없었다. Glucose. fructose 및 sucrose를 각각 첨가한 옥수수를 140℃. 120rpm에서 extrusion 처리하였을 때 glucose를 첨가한 옥수수에서의 FB_1 감소율이 증가하였다. Glucose 함량의 증가에 따라 FB_1의 감소율도 증가하였으며, glucose가 2.5%, 5% 및 7.5% 존재할 때 extrusion 처리 옥수수에 잔존하는 FB_1은 각각 51%. 34% 및 19% 수준이었다. 본 연구는 한국과학재단 1998년도 전반기 해외 Post-doc. 연수지원사업에 의하여 수행된 연구결과의 일부로서 이에 깊이 감사드립니다.

Is backcrossing a good strategy for improving elite lines for quantitative traits in general? Results reported here demonstrate the effectiveness of a backcrossing program for improving quantitatively inherited disease resistance traits, which are strongly influenced by the environment. Through backcross breeding, we were able to improve an important commercial inbred line, FR1064, for ear rot and fumonisin contamination resistance without significantly lowering its yield potential, even with the use of a donor line with poor agronomic potential. Following one generation of selection on advanced backcross-derived lines, gains were observed for the primary trait of interest in advanced inbred generations. Following two generations of selection, we improved potential performance for ear rot resistance and reduced fumonisin accumulation in the 19 selected lines without significantly affecting important agronomic characteristics such as plant height, ear height, or flowering time compared to the recurrent parent, FR1064. The 19 selected lines were also significantly more resistant to ear rot under inoculated conditions than the FR1064 topcross without exhibiting significant reductions in topcross grain yield or other agronomic traits. Several individual lines were identified that were not statistically different from GE440 for ear rot or fumonisin content as inbreds or from the GE440 topcross for ear rot. These lines exhibited topcross yields comparable to the FR1064 topcross, although they were not competitive with commercial check yields. Thus, from a practical standpoint, the backcrossing method was effective at improving quantitative disease resistance in an elite commercial line using an unadapted donor parent. We also genotyped selected lines at DNA markers linked to ear rot and fumonisin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in the BC1 generation of this cross to determine which QTL demonstrated allele frequency shifts due to selection.

Is backcrossing a good strategy for improving elite lines for quantitative traits in general? Results reported here demonstrate the effectiveness of a backcrossing program for improving quantitatively inherited disease resistance traits, which are strongly influenced by the environment. Through backcross breeding, we were able to improve an important commercial inbred line, FR1064, for ear rot and fumonisin contamination resistance without significantly lowering its yield potential, even with the use of a donor line with poor agronomic potential. Following one generation of selection on advanced backcross-derived lines, gains were observed for the primary trait of interest in advanced inbred generations. Following two generations of selection, we improved potential performance for ear rot resistance and reduced fumonisin accumulation in the 19 selected lines without significantly affecting important agronomic characteristics such as plant height, ear height, or flowering time compared to the recurrent parent, FR1064. The 19 selected lines were also significantly more resistant to ear rot under inoculated conditions than the FR1064 topcross without exhibiting significant reductions in topcross grain yield or other agronomic traits. Several individual lines were identified that were not statistically different from GE440 for ear rot or fumonisin content as inbreds or from the GE440 topcross for ear rot. These lines exhibited topcross yields comparable to the FR1064 topcross, although they were not competitive with commercial check yields. Thus, from a practical standpoint, the backcrossing method was effective at improving quantitative disease resistance in an elite commercial line using an unadapted donor parent. We also genotyped selected lines at DNA markers linked to ear rot and fumonisin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in the BC1 generation of this cross to determine which QTL demonstrated allele frequency shifts due to selection.