Glutathione (GSH)은 직접적으로 활성산소종을 제거하거나 GSH peroxidase와 같은 활성산소종 제거 효소의 조효소로써, 산화적 스트레스로부터 세포를 방어하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. GSH peroxidase는 두 분자의 GSH을 이용해 세포 내 과산화수소를 물로 전환한다. N-acetyl-L cysteine (NAC)는 항산화제 중 하나로 세포 내 GSH의 전구물질로 이용된다. 본 연구는, 0mM에서 20mM의 NAC 단독 처리

Plasma glutathione peroxidase (pGPx) is an extracellular antioxidative selenoenzyme which has been detected in various adult tissues, but little is known about the expression and distribution of pGPx during embryogenesis. To investigate the expression patterns of pGPx during embryogenesis, we performed quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses in whole embryos or each developing organ of mice on embryonic days (E)7.5–18.5. In whole embryos of E7.5–8.5, pGPx mRNA was more typically expressed in extra-embryonic tissues including ectoplacental cone, trophectoderm, and decidual cells than in embryos. However, after E9.5, pGPx mRNA and protein levels were increased in the embryos with differentiation and growth, but trended to gradually decrease in the extra-embryonic tissues until E18.5. In sectioned embryonic tissues on E13.5–18.5, pGPx mRNA and protein were mainly expressed in the developing nervous tissues, the sensory organs, and the epithelia of lung, skin, and intestine, the heart and artery, and the kidney. In particular, pGPx immunoreactivity was very strong in the developing liver. These results indicate that pGPx is spatio-temporally expressed in various embryonic organs as well as extra-embryonic tissues, suggesting that pGPx may function to protect the embryos against endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species during organogenesis.

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) is a unique antioxidant enzyme involved in reduction of peroxidized phospholipids within biomembranes. To investigate the expression pattern of the PHGPx gene during fetal development, in situ hybridization analyses were performed using mouse FITC-labeled PHGPx cRNA probes in fetal tissues on embryonic days (Ed) 13.5-18.5. During these periods, PHGPx mRNA appeared in the developing telencephalon, diencephalon, spinal cord, and spinal ganglion. In particular, PHGPx mRNA was strongly expressed in pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex. On Eds 17.5-18.5, PHGPx mRNA was detected in various tissues including liver, intestinal villi and crypt, pancreas, lung, and olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity. In addition, PHGPx mRNA was highly expressed in the inner ear on Eds 14.5-18.5, brown fat on Ed 17.5, and adrenal gland on Ed 18.5. It is conceivable that PHGPx may act as an important antioxidant against fetal oxidative stress during mouse organogenesis.

Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxide (PHGPx) is an antioxidant enzyme that reduces lipid hydroperoxides in biomembranes. Here, we cloned and characterized cys-PHGPx from the bumblebee Bombus ignitus (Bi-PHGPx). The Bi-PHGPx gene consists of 4 exons, encoding 168 amino acid residues with a canonical cys-codon at residue 45 and active site residues Gln82 and Trp134. Recombinant Bi-PHGPx, expressed as a 19 kDa protein in baculovirus-infected insect cells, exhibited enzymatic activity against PLPC-OOH and H2O2 using glutathione as an electron donor. Tissue distribution analyses showed the presence of Bi-PHGPx in all tissues examined. Bi-PHGPx transcripts were upregulated by stresses, such as wounding, H2O2 exposure, external temperature shock, and starvation. Under H2O2 overload, the RNA interference (RNAi)-induced thioredoxin peroxidase (BiTPx1)-knock-down B. ignitus worker bees showed upregulated expression of Bi-PHGPx in the fat body. These results indicate that Bi-PHGPx is a stress-inducible antioxidant enzyme that acts on phospholipid hydroperoxide and H2O2.

본 연구는 정자 내의 phsopholipid hydroxide glutathion peroxidase (PHGPx) mRNA 발현 수준, heparin-binding protein (HBP) mRNA 발현 수준, 수태율 그리고 산자수 사이의 관계를 조사하고자 실시하였다. 수태율과 산자수 사이에 있어서 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다. PHGPx mRNA 발현 수준에 있어 산자수가 10두 이상 군에서 (2,414.7±400.7) 8두 미만 군보다 (1,875.8±311.2) 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. HBP mRNA 발현 수준에 있어서도 산자수 10두 이상 군에서 (2,255.9±360.8) 8두 미만 군보다 (2,155.4±378.0) 약간 높은 결과를 보였으나, 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. PHGPx mRNA 발현 수준과 산자수 사이의 관계는 (r=0.206) 정의 상관관계를 보였으나, 유의한 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과, PHGPx와 HBP의 발현수준이 수태율, 산자수와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았기 때문에 PHGPx와 HBP가 정자의 수정능력을 예측하기에는 미흡한 면이 있다.

This study was designed to determine whether selenium (Se) nutrition affects pulmonary glutathione peroxidase and alveolarization in the neonatal rat. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats were bred and fed a semipurified Se-deficient (0.04 ppm, Se-) or

정세관은 매우 복잡한 조직으로 마우스의 정자 발생 과정은 12단계로 구성되어 있다. Glutathione peroxidase(GPx)는 glutathione을 이용하여 과산화물(hydroperoxide)을 환원시키는 대표적인 항산화효소로서 포유류 정자 발생 과정에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 laser capture microdissection(LCM)을 이용하여 마우스 정소에서 발생 단계별로 정세관을 채취하여 real-time PCR로