Severe wall thinning is found on the tube of a low-pressure evaporator(LPEVA) module that is used for a heat recovery steam generator(HRSG) of a district heating system. Since wall thinning can lead to sudden failure or accidents that lead to shutdown of the operation, it is very important to investigate the main mechanism of the wall thinning. In this study, corrosion analysis associated with a typical flow-accelerated corrosion(FAC) is performed using the corroded tube connected to an upper header of the LPEVA. To investigate factors triggering the FAC, the morphology, composition, and phase of the corroded product of the tube are examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The results show that the thinnest part of the tube is in the region where gas directly contacts, revealing the typical orange peel type of morphology frequently found in the FAC. The discovery of oxide scales containing phosphate indicates that phosphate corrosion is the main mechanism that weakens the stability of the protective magnetite film and the FAC accelerates the corrosion by generating the orange peel type of morphology.

This article deals with a proportional analysis of Cologne Cathedral with regard to the medieval tradition of geometry and figurate numbers that were commonly used in the medieval period. It first outlines symbolic and geometric notions of the geometry and numbers during the medieval period, and then, interprets the proportional design of the plan and section of the cathedral in analogy with the notion. It concludes that the proportional design of the cathedral was not quite arbitrary but carefully designed for the systematic and symbolic quality of the medieval aesthetic tradition.

There are many Korea companies who are introducing many kinds of management renovation methods in order to attain more management achievement. So many personnels under CEO are frying to change themselves to fit those kinds of management renovation methods. Now, all kinds of books for supervisors have published, but it is not easy for those supervisors to understand those books as those books do not fit for their own companies situation. The best management methods in the best companies in U.S.A. actually can not be well introduced in Korea. So, the management methods should be changed with the environment's changing. Therefore, the company management is the process to suit the continue changing environment.

Amino acid transporters are essential for the growth and proliferation in all living cells. Among the amino acid transporters, the system L amino acid transporters are the major nutrient transport system responsible for the Na+-independent transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is over-expressed to support cell growth in malignant tumors. The double stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) analysis can be in a wide variety of eukaryotes to induce the sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression. In this study, we examined the effect of LAT1 short interfering RNA (siRNA) on cell growth using siRNA of LAT1 in the KB human oral squamous cell carcinoma. In the RT-PCR analysis and western blot analysis, the siRNA of LAT1 inhibited expressions of LAT1 mRNA and protein. The uptake of [14C]L-leucine was inhibited by siRNA of LAT1. In the MTT assay, the siRNA of LAT1 inhibited the growth of the KB cells in the time-dependent manner, indicating that the growth inhibition of KB cell by the siRNA of LAT1 is induced by the blocking of neutral amino acid transport mediated by LAT1. These results suggest that the transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids into the KB human oral squamous cell carcinoma is mediated mainly by LAT1. Further, the LAT1 would be a new target for the inhibition of cancer cell growth.

본 연구는 토착인 최초의 목사안수자 가운데 한 명인 김기범(金箕範)의 생애와 그 목회적 성격을 살펴보는데 그 주요한 목적이 있다. 19세기 말, 기독교 복음을 수용한 김기범은 미감리회의 전도인 직첩을 받고 오늘날의 인천을 중심으로 활동했던 초기 한국 개신교의 토착지도자였다. 복음전도를 향한 열정과 성실, 그리고 그 능력은 일찍이 선교사들로부터 인정을 받을 정도였다. 그 결과 1901년 5월, 그는 동료 김창식과 함께 한국 개신교 역사에 있어 첫 번째 목사가 되는 명예를 얻는다. 그러나 병약했던 탓에 그는 지속해서 목회하기가 어려웠다. 때로는 선교사 혹은 교인들과의 갈등 도 있었다. 결국 김기범은 1912년 미감리회 한국연회에서 학습인 과정을 탈락함과 동시에 제명처분을 받았다. 이후 미감리회에서 그의 존재는 잊혀졌다. 그러한 이유로 김기범은 그동안 한국교회에서 크게 주목받지 못했다. 본 연구는 이점을 염두에 두고 김기범의 생애 복원에 주된 관심을 둔다. 동시에 그의 목회적 성격도 어떠했는지 함께 파악해 보도록 한다.

정세관은 매우 복잡한 조직으로 마우스의 정자 발생 과정은 12단계로 구성되어 있다. Glutathione peroxidase(GPx)는 glutathione을 이용하여 과산화물(hydroperoxide)을 환원시키는 대표적인 항산화효소로서 포유류 정자 발생 과정에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 laser capture microdissection(LCM)을 이용하여 마우스 정소에서 발생 단계별로 정세관을 채취하여 real-time PCR로