General end-mill is considered and chosen by kinds and properties of material before machining, but in case of orthopedic surgery, cutting performance of orthopedic end-mill must be always best because bone condition is checked after operative preparation including skin incision. Generally hard metal end-mill is used for high cutting performance in industrial fields. To apply hard metal end-mill to robotic orthopedic surgery, prototypes with STS are manufactured and tested for determining proper number of flutes and helix angle, additionally proper overhang length of end-mill from sleeve end was determined by checking deflection under cutting load and critical speed using FEM program. As a result helix angle, blade number and overhang length are determined as 45∘, 3, 7cm respectively.

[ ] a cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries, was prepared using recycled . First, the cobalt hydroxide powders were separated from waste WC-Co hard metal with acid-base chemical treatment, and then the impurities were eliminated by centrifuge method. Subsequently, powders were prepared by thermal treatment of resulting . By adding a certain amount of and , the was obtained by sintering for 10 h in air at . The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis.

Both plastic and elastic properties change dramatically from the beginning to the end of the compaction phase. Previous investigations have shown that powder transfer and high powder flow during initial compaction at low density affects the strength of the final component significantly. Investigated here are shear failure and elastic shear modulus in the low density range for hard metal powder and for pre-alloyed water atomized iron powder. Direct shear test equipment for sand and clay has been modified to measure the shearing properties of powder for an axial loading between 1 kPa and 500 kPa.

Laser Powder Deposition (LPD) is a technology capable of modifying a metallic structure by adding the appropriate material to perform a desired function. LPD offers a unique fabrication technique that allows the use of soft (tough) materials as base structures. Through LPD a hard material can be applied to the base material with little thermal input (minimal dilution and heat-affected-zone {HAZ}), thus providing the function of a heat treatment or other surface modifications. These surface modifications have been evaluated through standard wear testing (ASTM G-65), surface hardness (Rc), micro-hardness (vickers), and optical microscopy.