목 적: 본 연구는 안경렌즈 굴절력 측정을 위해 사용되는 렌즈미터에 대해 기존 4점 방식 자동렌즈미터 와 Shack–Hartmann 방식의 렌즈미터를 사용하여 구면 안경렌즈의 굴절력을 각각 측정하고 정확도를 분석 하였다. 방 법: 실험에 사용한 안경렌즈는 임상에서 주로 많이 사용되고 있는 국내 제조업체의 렌즈를 사용하였 으며, 제조사별로 A, B, C사의 안경렌즈를 구면굴절력에 따라 -5.00D, -10.00D, -15.00D로 분류하여 각 각 실험하였다. 결 과: 4점 방식 자동렌즈미터를 사용하여 구면렌즈의 굴절력을 측정한 결과 -5.00D는 A사 -4.89D, B 사 -4.92D, C사 -4.97D로 측정되었으며, -10.00D는 A사 -9.94D, B사 -9.94D, C사 -9.93D, -15.00D는 A사 -14.96D, B사 -14.90D, C사 -14.92D로 각각 측정되었다. Shack–Hartmann 방식 자동렌즈미터를 이 용하여 같은 종류의 구면렌즈의 굴절력을 측정한 결과 -5.00D는 A사 -5.00D, B사 -5.01D, C사 -5.02D로 측정되었으며, -10.00D는 A사 -10.00D, B사 -10.01D, C사 -10.00D, -15.00D는 A사 -15.09D, B사 -15.01D, C사 -15.08D로 각각 측정되었다. 결 론: 안경렌즈 굴절력 측정에 있어 구면렌즈의 경우 Shack–Hartmann 방식의 자동렌즈미터가 4점 방 식 렌즈미터보다 더 정확한 측정값을 나타내었다.

Unlike the extrinsic Modern Functionalist, Louis I. Kahn, a modern American architect, had been pursued intrinsic architectural nature based on historicity; The Essence of Architecture, during his lifetime. That is the reason why he is generally called as one of frontiers toward Post-Modern Architecture. However, the actual meaning of his ‘The Essence of Architecture’ is so vague and unclear until today, because not only his complex personal thought and career but various and subjective interpretation by so many later architects and architectural theorists. In the context, this paper attempt to reanalyze and clarify Kahn's idea of ‘The Essence of Architecture’ with the deep and objective view of aesthetics focused on a distinguished contemporary German philosopher, N. Hartman’s idea of phenomenological relation and the stratified structure of a work of art.

Hartmann’s procedure is most often used if immediate anastomosis is not feasible and considered very high risk of anastomotic leakage. The reversal of Hartmann operation has a significant benefit in patient's quality of life, but there are disadvantages because it is procedure of a high degree of complexity. For reversal of Hartmann operation to be truly beneficial, morbidity rate should be reasonable. The aim of this study is therefore to review clinical outcomes of the conversion of Hartmann procedure and define the complication rate of reversal of Hartmann operation in a contemporary practice. Patients undergoing an elective reversal of Hartmann’s procedure at Chosun University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2016 were included in our analysis, and the medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Total 70 patients underwent Hartmann reversal during this period. There were 33 men (47.1%) and the mean age was 67.7±14.5. The most frequent indications for Hartmann’s procedure were complicated diverticulitis in 37 patients (52.9%). Major morbidity rate was 14.3 % (10 patients), anastomotic leakage rate of 4.3% and mortality rate was 2.9% (2 patients). The most common complication was wound infection (25.7%). Univariate analysis demonstrated that there were no statistically significant variables. This study demonstrates that patients who underwent reversal of their Hartmann’s operation did not have increased postoperative morbidity based on advanced age, higher ASA score, presence of multiple comorbidities, type of operation, and longer operation time.