Blood types in pigs are divided into two types, A and O type. It is important to select and breed O-type pigs that have no hematologic rejection, because the blood type of the donor is an important factor causing immune rejection in xenotransplantation. Therefore, the gene that determines the blood type is GGTA1(glycoprotein, alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase 1), which generally belongs to the ABO blood group. This study was carried out to develop a simple and accurate method by analyzing the structure of GGTA1 gene which determines blood type. A primer was designed to allow easy identification of the blood type of the target in the first and second deletion regions of intron 7 to distinguish between the A and O genotypes. That is, for the purpose of identifying the blood type using length difference after the PCR, the forward and reverse primers were designed in the highly conservative region. As a result, a pair of primers were prepared and PCR amplification was performed to distinguish three types of genotypes, AA, AO, and OO, using the length difference by electrophoresis. Using the above primers, the parents and their offspring were compared with each other to confirm the correct genetic pattern. And, in four pig breeds, the genes were amplified and the genotype could be correctly identified. In this study, we could diagnose the blood type of AA, AO, OO genotype of pigs by using primer of INDEL region. Especially, since it is possible to diagnose the genotype by the length difference, it is possible to diagnose it quickly and accurately from the gene amplification to the genotype reading

Currently, the type of short insertions and deletions (InDels) polymorphisms are increasingly focused in genomic research. InDels have been known as a source of genetic markers that are widely spread across the genome. Genetic relationship among Korean pear cultivars compared with their parents was also identified that they are closely related P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis and/or hybrids between two species. Lack of genetic resources including molecular markers has made it difficult to study pears severely. Recently developed next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms offer opportunities for high-throughput and inexpensive genome sequencing and rapid marker development. The main goal of this study was to develop polymorphic InDel markers in ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, which were chosen as the representative cultivars of P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis × pyrifolia in each among Korean pears using genomic sequences generated by NGS technology. In this study, more than 18.6 Gbp and 15.8 Gbp sequences were obtained from NGS of ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, respectively. ‘Whangkeumbae’ contained 197,210 InDels and 197,272 InDels in ‘Minibae’. In InDels validations between ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, the number of polymorphic InDels were 149,338 and non-polymorphic InDels were 122,572. For InDel primer set designing, 11,308 of primers were designed from polymorphic InDels and 10,919 of InDel primers were recommended. The study shows that the utility of NGS technology to design amount of efficient InDels and the developed InDel primers will be used for genetic mapping, breeding by marker assisted selection (MAS) and QTL mapping of Korea native pear as well as further genetic studies.