Background: In the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder, the goals of traditional physical therapy are not only to reduce the inflammatory process leading to pain, but also to decrease joint overload and muscle hyperactivity. To achieve those goals, physical therapists generally use a photo-therapy, joint mobilization, and massage. Objects: To examine the impact of an unloading technique using non-elastic taping on the pain, opening mouth, functional level, and quality of life in patients with TMJ disorder. Method: Twenty patients with TMJ disorder were included in this study and randomly divided into the experimental (n1=10), and control (n2=10) groups. Traditional physical therapy including massage and stretching for 30 min was performed in both groups. Non-elastic taping was performed in the experimental group after traditional physical therapy, and they were recommended to keep the tape attached for 12 hours. Outcomes for pain, functional level, and quality of life were measured using a survey. The opening mouth was measured using a general ruler. Result: Significant differences were observed in the pain level, opening mouth, functional level, and quality of life after the intervention and on follow-up in both groups. However, we found that while the levels of all parameters were maintained throughout the follow-up period in the experimental group, the functional status level was not maintained throughout the follow-up period in the control group. Conclusion: Our unloading technique using non-elastic tape results comparable to those achieved by traditional physical therapy in the treatment of TMJ. However, the unloading taping method using non-elastic tape is more effective than traditional physical therapy in maintaining the impact of intervention

JCP(Jointed plain cement Concrete Pavement) is severe affected by environmental load such as temperature, relative humidity. Concrete slab repeatedly shrink and expand due to environmental loading is referred to curling and warping. As a result, restraint stress increases and joint can be damaged. Under the tunnel condition, temperature and relative humidity variations are smaller as compared with outside of the tunnel. Therefore it`s expected that JCP under the tunnel condition is less affected by environmental load than JCP outside of the tunnel. Also Joint opening behavior could be differ JCP of each condition. In this study, air temperature and relative humidity varying distance from entrance of tunnel, temperature by slab depth, and displacement of joint are measured at outside and inside of three tunnels on the expressway, using I-button and VW crackmeter sensor. As expected, difference of joint opening behavior could be evaluated. According to measuring result, design of pavement section and joint spacing of JCP could be determined under the tunnel condition.