When decommissioning of nuclear facilities happens, large amounts of radioactive wastes are released. Because costs of nuclear decommissioning are enormous, effective and economical decontamination technologies are needed to remove radioactive wastes. During NPP operation, corrosion product called Chalk River Unidentified Deposits (CRUD) is generated. CRUD is an accumulation of substances and corrosion products consisting of dissolved ions or solid particles such as Ni, Fe, and Co on the surface of the NPP fuel rod coating. CRUD is slowly eroded by the circulation of hot pressurized water and later deposits on the fuel rod cladding or external housing, thereby reducing heat production by the nuclear fuel. Decontamination of radiologically contaminated metals must be performed before disposal, and several methods for decontaminating CRUD are being studied in many countries. Decontamination technology is an alternative to reducing human body covering and reducing radioactive waste disposal costs, and much research and development has been conducted to date. Currently, the importance of decontamination is emerging as the amount of waste stored in radioactive waste storage is close to saturation, and the amount of radioactive waste generated must be minimized through active decontamination. In this study, a preliminary study was conducted on the removal of CRUD by multiple membrane in an electro-kinetic process using an electrochemicalbased decontamination method. Preliminary research to develop a technology to electrochemically remove CRUD by using a self-produced electrochemical cell to check the pH change over time of the CRUD cell according to voltage, electrolyte, membrane and pH change.

Carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) have been used as efficient adsorbents for the removal of picric acid from aqueous solutions under stirring and ultrasound conditions. Batch experiments were conducted to study the influence of the different parameters such as pH, amount of adsorbents, contact time and concentration of picric acid on the adsorption process. The kinetic data were fitted with pseudo-first order, pseudo-secondorder, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion models. The kinetic studies were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both methods. In addition, the adsorption isotherms of picric acid from aqueous solutions on the MWCNTs were investigated using six two-parameter models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Halsey, Harkins-Jura, Fowler- Guggenheim), four three-parameter models (Redlich-Peterson, Khan, Radke-Prausnitz, and Toth), two four-parameter equations (Fritz-Schlunder and Baudu) and one five-parameter equation (Fritz-Schlunder). Three error analysis methods, correlation coefficient, chi-square test and average relative errors, were applied to determine the best fit isotherm. The error analysis showed that the models with more than two parameters better described the picric acid sorption data compared to the two-parameter models. In particular, the Baudu equation provided the best model for the picric acid sorption data for both methods.

Sorbents of calcined limestone and oyster particles having a diameter of about 0.63㎜ were exposed to simulated fuel gases containing 5000ppm H2S for temperatures ranging from 600 to 800℃ in a TGA (Thermalgravimetric analyzer). The reaction between CaO and H2S proceeds via an unreacted shrinking core mechanism. The sulfidation rate is likely to be controlled primarily by countercurrent diffusion through the product layer of calcium sulfde(CaS) formed. The kinetics of the sorption of H2S by CaO is sensitive to the reaction temperature and particle size, and the reaction rate of oyster was faster than the calcined limestone.