Although understanding dispersal ecology is important of Haemaphysalis longiconirs (Acari: Ixodidae) to control severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, the small size of H. longicornis makes it challenging to study their behaviors. We examined the potential of fluorescent marking system (FMS) paired with an ultraviolet laser, an effective insect detection method, in tracking of H. longicornis. When we assessed potential effects of FMS on the survivorship and behavioral parameters including horizontal movement, vertical climbing height, and response to CO₂ of all development stages (larva, nymph, and adult) of H. longicornis, it did not induce any adverse effects on the hard ticks. Furthermore, we measured the detectable distance and detection rate of larvae, nymphs and adults to evaluate the detection efficacy of FMS. Using an ultraviolet laser, operators could detect the hard ticks from a distance ranging from 12 m (larva) to 29 m (adult). When the detection rate was measured in a grassland both during day and night, it was higher at night compared to day and increased with the body size. The detection rate was over 90% for all stages of the hard ticks at night, whereas larvae and nymphs showed that of 23% and 34% respectively during the day. However, the detection rate of adults was higher compared to other development stages regardless of time of experiment. Our results indicate that FMS can serve as a promising tool to track the hard ticks by providing reliable detection efficacy with no adverse effects on the marked individuals.

Both a fluorescent marking system (FMS) and a portable harmonic radar system (PHRS) are effective insect tracking methods. Prior to comparing their efficacies, we tested the viability of FMS in detection of an agricultural pest, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae); previous studies showed the harmlessness of PHRS on R. pedestris and its detection distance. Fluorescent marking allowed the detection of marked R. pedestris from > 25 m, when illuminated with a laser in the dark, while affecting only the vertical walking distance of the insect. Then, we assessed the efficacy of the FMS and PHRS as well as combining both methods (BOTH) in detection of R. pedestris in a grass field and a bean field during day and night. PHRS and BOTH showed higher detection rates than FMS in all settings, except for in the bean field at night. Also, although BOTH did not enhance total detection time, it facilitated the retrieval of the sample at night compared to only using PHRS.

This study is focused on the elucidation of efficient and correct marking methods by comparing and analyzing marker efficiency depending on the marking job condition such as interval of checking-pattern and marker orientation using woman's Jacket and Slacks. Research Method intended to compare the marking efficiency of Jacket and Slacks, check-less and check- patterned materials with the intervals of 1.5×1.5cm and 5×5cm were selected. First, in the comparison of marking efficiency depending on check-pattern interval, regardless of the direction of marker position, single-item makers and set-item makers, the efficiency of check-less materials was higher than those of check-patterned materials and increasing the intervals decreased marking efficiency and vice versa. Marking efficiency of Slacks was less influenced than marking efficiency of Jacket by check-pattern interval. Second, in the comparison of marking efficiency depending on the direction of marker position, regardless of check-pattern interval and number of maker pieces, the efficiency of nap-up-and-down position was higher than those of nap-one-way position. Third, the marking efficiency of single-item was more effective than one of set-item in all working condition except nap-one-way position in checkless materials.