This study quantitatively evaluated the durability of fishing gear marking systems and examined the effects of marking type, exposure time, and environmental conditions. Five types of buoys and three types of eel traps were used and attached (PP), adhesive (PP, PET), and insert-type (PP) markers were applied to buoys while rivet-type (PP) and hole cap-type (PP, POM) markers were applied to eel traps. Long-term exposure experiments were conducted under seawater immersion and outdoor exposure conditions. Durability was evaluated using a durability index calculated based on marking loss rate and information recognition rate. No significant differences in durability index were observed among buoy markers according to marking type or environmental condition whereas rivet-type (PP) markers applied to eel traps exhibited the highest durability index across all conditions. However, no significant differences in durability index were observed according to marking type or environmental condition; this indicates that the influence of environmental conditions was limited. In contrast, eel trap markers showed significant effects of marking type and environmental condition on durability index with a significant interaction between exposure time and environmental condition. Rivet-type (PP) markers exhibited the highest durability across all conditions indicating the most stable performance while hole cap markers showed differences depending on material. These findings are expected to provide fundamental data for future fisheries management policies.

본고는 선사시대 한반도에서 출토된 식물고고학 집합체에서 서속과 공반 출토된 잡초 분류군의 생태학적 분석을 통해 신석기-청동기시대 한반도 서속 재배의 양상을 살펴보았 다. 분석 결과 마디풀, 명아주, 강아지풀 등의 탄화된 일년생 밭잡초가 주거지에서 상당량 의 탄화 서속 유체와 빈번하게 공반 출토되었으며, 이들이 이른 신석기시대부터 함께 생장 했을 가능성이 높았던 것으로 보았다. 일년생 밭잡초의 우세와 달리, 다년생 잡초는 사실 상 부재하여 서속 경작지에서 반복적인 경운 활동이 이루어졌을 것으로 해석되었으며, 그 강도는 제한적이었을 것으로 추정하였다. 또한 서속은 초여름에 파종되어 가을에 이삭 부 위를 목표로 수확되어 간 것으로 드러나 오늘날과 유사한 재배 양식을 보였다. 한편, 청동 기시대에는 잡초 분류군의 구성 및 생태적 특성이 비교적 다양해지는데, 이는 서속 재배와 연관된 것이 아니라 복합 작물 재배 체계 내 벼농사에서 비롯된 결과로 해석되었다. 신석 기-청동기시대 한반도에서 서속은 저투입·저위험의 기본 작물로서 비교적 안정적인 방식 으로 재배 체계가 지속된 것으로 보인다.

This study examined the relationships between acoustic activity of the finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) and marine environmental variables in Hadong, in the southern coast of Korea, using long-term passive acoustic monitoring. Acoustic data were collected with a hydrophone (F-POD) from July 8 to August 16 2023, and acoustic indices (DPM, DP10M, and click-based metrics) were integrated with in situ observations and model analysis environmental data. Generalized additive models indicated that chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen were the main predictors of acoustic activity whereas physical oceanographic variables (temperature, salinity, and sea surface height) had no significant effects. Chlorophyll-a showed a strong non-linear positive effect with finless porpoise activity increasing rapidly up to approximately 2 mg/m³ and then reaching a plateau. Dissolved oxygen exhibited a negative linear relationship, implying indirect ecological effects mediated by prey availability. In addition, current velocity was negatively related to click intensity. These results indicate that finless porpoise habitat use is more closely associated with productivity-related factors than with physical conditions. This research offers quantitative insights into prey-driven habitat selection, supporting the development of management and bycatch mitigation strategies.

The purpose of this study is to select a fishing gear deposit marking method for the gear deposit system implemented for gillnet. The fishing gear deposit system was implemented in Korea for the first time in the world in January 2024 for fish trap, and it is scheduled to be expanded to gillnets and buoys by 2026. In this study, an AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) survey was conducted with 34 experts. The AHP analysis method was used to calculate the weights of each criterion that influence the selection of the deposit marking method, in order to determine the optimal marking method that considers both qualitative and quantitative criteria. Experts prioritized the label-type marking and preferred the weight-based deposit unit for its ease of application and ability to measure multiple gear widths at once. This study quantitatively reflects the opinions of experts on the selection of the gillnet deposit system. Future research should examine the impact of marking method on fishing performance, durability, and institutional improvements.

산화적 스트레스는 활성산소의 과도한 생성으로 인해 발생하며, 이는 만성퇴행성질환의 원인으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 식용 덖음 꽃차 8종 추출물의 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, radical 소거 활성 측정을 통해 이들의 항산화 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 8종의 식용 꽃차 에탄올 추출물 중에서 생강나무(Lindera obtusiloba, LO), 산수유(Cornus officinalis, CO) 및 카모마일(Matrecaria chamomilla) 꽃차 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 20.21, 13.39, 12.39 mg gallic acid equivalent/g의 수치를 나타내었으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 LO, CO, 및 매화(Prunus mume) 꽃차 순으로 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 8종의 식용 꽃차 에탄올 추출물은 10, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL의 농도에서 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 및 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) 라디칼 소거 활성을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 특히, LO와 CO 꽃차 추출물은 다른 꽃차 추출물에 비해 우수한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성을 보였다. 또한 100 μg/mL 농도에서 CO, LO, 및 목련(Magnolia kobus) 꽃차 추출물의 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거 활성이 70% 이상의 수치를 나타내어 우수한 ABTS+ radical 소거 활성을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 식용 덖음 꽃차는 radical 소거 활성 및 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드를 함유함에 따라 항산화 활성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 다른 꽃차 추출물에 비해 LO와 CO의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량 및 radical 소거능이 우수하여 항산화 기능성 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-fidelity simulation and actual human practice on the learning outcomes of a peripheral intravenous injection program for nursing students. Methods: Seventy-two third-year nursing students from a university in Seoul were included and divided into two groups; 38 and 34 in the low-fidelity simulation and human practice groups, respectively. The program was conducted from June 19–20, 2024. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, χ²-test, independent t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in venipuncture performance, communication skills, empathy, academic performance, and self-efficacy. However, there were no statistically significant differences in these outcomes between both groups. Additionally, post-program learning satisfaction was similarly high in both groups. Conclusion: Low-fidelity simulation is as effective as actual human practice in achieving comparable learning outcomes in a peripheral intravenous injection program for nursing students. With appropriate instructional design, low-fidelity simulation can be a viable alternative to human practice, providing flexibility and accessibility in nursing education. This study underscores the importance of incorporating additional educational modules that enhance emotional and social skills, such as communication and empathy, tailored to the characteristics of individual learners.

This study sought various ways to prevent the occurrence of waste fishing gear and promote the recovery. It is expected that the problem of waste fishing gear can be effectively solved through measures such as strengthening education and publicity, technical measures, establishment of recovery infrastructure, and provision of incentives. In particular, introduction of the waste fishing gear recovery promotion point system gives fishermen practical motivation. It can be an important means of inducing leisure and sustainable fishing activities. In addition, by inducing the participation of private companies, it is expected to promote the recovery and recycling of waste fishing ports and contribute to the protection of the marine environment and fisheries resources. The government or local government should actively review the measures suggested in this study and prepare related laws and policies. In addition, it is necessary to establish a system to induce the participation of various stakeholders and support sustainable fishing activities through public-private cooperation. Through this, we will be able to achieve carbon neutrality goals in the fishing sector in response to climate change. This study suggests an early stage plan, and in future research, it is necessary to evaluate and find and improve practical effects through pilot projects. Moreover, it is necessary to study the management of closed fishing gear and carbon neutrality practice measures at the global level by seeking international cooperation measures. Consequently, more effective and sustainable marine environment and fishery resource protection measures can be prepared.

We presented foundational findings regarding the occurrence and acoustic characteristics of the finless porpoise through passive acoustic and visual surveys conducted on the southern coast of Korea, specifically at Hadong Jungpyeong Port. Over a survey period spanning from July 8 to August 16, 2023, totaling 40 days, we observed peaks in the number of clicks produced by this species on July 15, July 24, August 4, August 11, and August 16. The highest count, totaling 18,924 clicks, was recorded on July 15th, while the lowest count, at 3,888 clicks, occurred on August 8th. Examining the acoustic characteristics throughout the diurnal cycle, we found that the peak activity in terms of DPM (detection positive minute for one hour), DP10M (DPM for ten minutes), and overall number of click sounds was observed between 05:00 and 08:00, with a secondary peak occurring from 17:00 to 18:00. The quietest period was noted between 23:00 and 02:00. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the number of clicks from sunrise, with the maximum count of 21,581 clicks recorded at 6 AM. This count gradually decreased until noon, experienced a slight increase thereafter, peaked again at sunset, and then declined. The dominant frequency mode of this species was 126 kHz, with a concentration ranging from 112 to 136 kHz. The average duration of a click sound was 127 ㎲, with approximately 16 sinusoids (cycles) within each click sound and an average cycle length of approximately 7.9 ㎲. These findings from our study are anticipated to serve as foundational data for the development of a Korean pinger and acoustic warning system.

This study aimed to identify the actual catch situation of offshore dredge gear which is newly regulated in the legislation. It’s also conducted to identify the species composition, weight of the catch including the target species and incidental catches, and to provide the basic information necessary for the resource management of aquatic organisms caught by offshore dredge. During the investigation period (from September 2022 to May 2023), a total of 61 species appeared in the test operation sea of Boryeong, Chungcheongnam-do and Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do, with 31 species of fishes, 11 species of malacostraca, six species of gastropoda, five species of bivalvia, three species of cephalopoda, three species of asteroidea, one species each of asteroidea and holothuroidea appeared. According to the results of the test operation conducted in September and November 2022, the non-catch season of Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata, 1,203 shellfishes were caught out of 2,979 caught in number, showing a bycatch rate of 59.6%, and by weight, 157.9 kg of shellfish was caught out of the total catch of 448.4 kg, showing a bycatch rate of 64.8%. On the other hand, in February and May 2023, the catch season for Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata, 3,692 fishsells were caught out of the 4,232 catches in total, showing a bycatch rate of 12.8%, and by weight, 1,185.0 kg of shellfish was caught out of the total catch of 1,293.2 kg, showing an 8.3% bycatch rate.

As the consumption of corn increases, the production of by-products is also increasing. In this study, functional substances and antioxidant activities of corn by-products were investigated to determine their applicability as functional materials. Total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, and ABTS antioxidant activity were the highest in leaves. The total phenolic acid content was the highest in cobs; p-coumaric and ferulic acid were the main components. Phytosterol content in leaves and stems was high at 64 and 50 days after sowing, 261.4 and 274.7 mg/100 g, respectively. β-sitosterol of the leaves and stems was the highest, 149.2 and 138.7 mg/100 g. The total phytosterol content of grains and by-products harvested 106 days after sowing was in the order of: corn silk, husk, grain, leaf, stem, and cob. Among the phytosterols, β-sitosterol was the highest, followed by stigmasterol and campesterol, and the composition was different depending on part. The total phytosterol content was the highest in husk and corn silk, but the stems and leaves, which account for 50% of the total corn biomass, also contained high phytosterol content. Therefore, corn leaves and stems are expected to be used as functional raw materials for the development of functional materials in the future.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant components, elastase inhibition activities, and melanin synthesis rates of Korean traditional Actinidia (Actinidia arguta) fruits and leaves depending on the ethanol extraction concentrations. The total polyphenol content was the highest in the 50% ethanol extract of both fruits and leaves, with values of 634.1 mg GAE/100 g and 3,985.2 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The total flavonoid content was the highest in the fruit 90% extract and leaf 50% extract at 191.9 mg/100 g and 2655.6 mg/100 g, respectively. The vitamin C content was the highest in the 50% extract of leaves at 2990.3 mg/100 g. Elastase inhibition was the highest at 56.9% in the leaf 50% extract at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. Melanin synthesis inhibition showed the highest melanin synthesis inhibitory effect among the extracts, as the leaf 50% extract showed an inhibitory rate of 65% or more. Therefore, the antioxidant components, elastase inhibition activities, and melanin synthesis inhibitory rate were better in leaves than in fruits. The leaf 50% extract was particularly the best among the extracts. Korean traditional Actinidia leaves can be considered as potential sources for new functional materials.

This study aimed to investigate the biological activities, including polyphenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities, of various cultivars of Korean perilla leaves. The results indicated that among nine cultivars (Namcheon dlggae, Saedora, Nulbora, Donggel 1, Donggell 2, Soim, Sangyeop, Somirang, and Saebom) of perilla leaves, the total polyphenolic content (gallic acid equivalent mg/g, GAE) was the highest in “Nulbora,” while it was lowest in Namcheon dlggae. Moreover, flavonoid content in the extracts of nine cultivars leaves was in the range of 132.93~268.50 mg catechin equivalent/g sample. The antioxidant effects of the perilla leaves were determined using two different in vitro bioassays measuring DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities. The results revealed that antioxidant activity was also higher in “Nulbora” compared with other cultivars. Xanthin-oxidase-inhibition activity ranged from 65.65% to 80.58%, with “Nulbora” exhibiting the highest activity, although the difference with other cultivars was not significant. “Nulbora” extracts reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and several cytokines, including IL-6 activation induced by LPS in macrophages in the range of 100–50 μg/mL. These results suggest that extracts from perilla leaves can be used as bioactive and functional materials that could be important in industrial applications in the future.

Recently, consumers’ awareness of the importance of the intestinal action of lactic acid bacteria and intestinal microbes is increasing, as well as interest in yogurt. In this study, yogurt was prepared with three mixed strains (lactic acid bacteria combination, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp., and Bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilussei, 1:1:1) by adding oats flour, and the quality characteristics of yogurt were investigated, while stored at a storage temperature of 4℃ for 12 days. According to the storage period, the control as wel as the oat yogurt showed slight decrease in pH, and no significant change in acidity. Sugar content slightly increased. and brightness decreased, in the control and the oat yogurt. Visible cell numbers increased during storage, and decreased on the 12th day. Viscosity in the oat yogurt was 7,580 cP, which was approximately eight times higher than that of the control group, and decreased gradually according to the storage period. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) was approximately two times higher in the oat-added yogurt, and slightly increased with the storage period, decreased on the 12th day of storage, and β-glucan was detected only in oat-added yogurt.

In this study, the dietary fiber content of 33 kinds of agricultural products and seaweeds was compared with that of raw products after heat treatment. To verify the total dietary fiber analysis method, the recovery rate was reviewed by measuring the total dietary fiber content for 4 standard certified substances. As a result, the recovery rate of the analysis value for the true value was 98.8%~103.1%, which was judged to be reliable. The total dietary fiber of vegetables ranged between 0.61~5.36 g/100 g for raw vegetables and 0.55~4.84 g/100 g for heat-treated vegetables. Among the 24 kinds of vegetables used in the analanalysis, the total dietary fiber content of heat-treated Korean radish (3.13 g/100 g) was the highest compared to that of raw radish (0.61 g/100 g). The total dietary fiber of beans was between 13.86~29.69 g/100 g for raw beans and 6.72~18.40 g/100 g for heat-treated beans. In particular, the total dietary fiber content of sword beans was the highest in both raw (29.69 g/100 g) and boiled (18.40 g/100 g) beans. The total dietary fiber content of the three types of seaweed was 1.93~4.85 g/100 g in raw seaweed and 0.99~5.72 g/100 g in heat-treated seaweed.

Sprouts have various health benefits. Specifically, wheat sprouts are rich in bioactive compounds, such as vitamins and polyphenols. Elicitation induces and enhances secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments on the growth profile, free amino acid content, and antioxidant activity of germinated wheat (Triticum aestivum). Wheat seeds were germinated at 20℃ for 10 days and treated with 0, 2, 4, 7.5, and 10 mM of NaCl 10 days before harvesting. Treating the soil bed with NaCl increased the nutritional component amounts, such as free amino acids and γ- aminobutyric acid. The chlorophyll a and b concentrations were the highest in the hydroponic system treated with 7.5 mM NaCl. In addition, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of sprouts treated with 2 and 7.5 mM NaCl were 1.94 and 1.34 times higher than that of the control sprouts (0 mM NaCl, water only), respectively. These results suggest that 2 to 4 mM NaCl treatments improve the nutritional and food quality of wheat sprouts more than water only.