The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant components, elastase inhibition activities, and melanin synthesis rates of Korean traditional Actinidia (Actinidia arguta) fruits and leaves depending on the ethanol extraction concentrations. The total polyphenol content was the highest in the 50% ethanol extract of both fruits and leaves, with values of 634.1 mg GAE/100 g and 3,985.2 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The total flavonoid content was the highest in the fruit 90% extract and leaf 50% extract at 191.9 mg/100 g and 2655.6 mg/100 g, respectively. The vitamin C content was the highest in the 50% extract of leaves at 2990.3 mg/100 g. Elastase inhibition was the highest at 56.9% in the leaf 50% extract at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. Melanin synthesis inhibition showed the highest melanin synthesis inhibitory effect among the extracts, as the leaf 50% extract showed an inhibitory rate of 65% or more. Therefore, the antioxidant components, elastase inhibition activities, and melanin synthesis inhibitory rate were better in leaves than in fruits. The leaf 50% extract was particularly the best among the extracts. Korean traditional Actinidia leaves can be considered as potential sources for new functional materials.

In this study, the dietary fiber content of 33 kinds of agricultural products and seaweeds was compared with that of raw products after heat treatment. To verify the total dietary fiber analysis method, the recovery rate was reviewed by measuring the total dietary fiber content for 4 standard certified substances. As a result, the recovery rate of the analysis value for the true value was 98.8%~103.1%, which was judged to be reliable. The total dietary fiber of vegetables ranged between 0.61~5.36 g/100 g for raw vegetables and 0.55~4.84 g/100 g for heat-treated vegetables. Among the 24 kinds of vegetables used in the analanalysis, the total dietary fiber content of heat-treated Korean radish (3.13 g/100 g) was the highest compared to that of raw radish (0.61 g/100 g). The total dietary fiber of beans was between 13.86~29.69 g/100 g for raw beans and 6.72~18.40 g/100 g for heat-treated beans. In particular, the total dietary fiber content of sword beans was the highest in both raw (29.69 g/100 g) and boiled (18.40 g/100 g) beans. The total dietary fiber content of the three types of seaweed was 1.93~4.85 g/100 g in raw seaweed and 0.99~5.72 g/100 g in heat-treated seaweed.

This study investigated the microbial community and quality characteristics of traditional soybean pastes (doenjang) based on the aging period in Gyeongnam province. The samples were collected from seven regions in Gyeongnam Province (Goseong, Hadong, Haman, Hamyang, Sacheon, Sancheong and Uiryeong). Contents of moisture, salinity, pH, and acidity of doenjang after 210 days aging were 56.40~65.21%, 9.05~16.08%, 4.88~6.86 and 0.64~2.14%, respectively. Lightness significantly decreased over the aging period, while the redness tended to increase over the aging period. Yellowness was from 21.39~26.81 to 21.10~28.36. Reducing sugar content was from 0.31~1.45% to 0.11~3.13%. The amino-type content increased from 141.87~495.13 mg/100 g to 328.53~823.67 mg/100 g. In contrast, the ammonia-type content declined from 136.74~364.70 mg/ 100 g to 128.62~331.00 mg/100 g. The overall total microbial count did not significantly differ, but it tended to decrease in sample GD4. Fungus declined overall or was not detected. Coliform groups were not detected in all samples. Lactobacillus and Bacillus cereus tended to decrease over the aging period. The common fungus and bacterium were Aspergillus oryzae and Tetragenococcus halophilus, respectively. After the aging period, the predominant fungi were Candida versatilis, Candida apicola, and Debaryomyces hansenii. The predominant bacteria were Tetragenococcus halophilus and Cronobacter sakazakii.

Background : The Schizonepeta which is characterized by short growth period is used for the pedicel as a medicinal plant. Its main ingredients are essential oil, monoterpenoid, and flavonoid. Major effects include fever, pain, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergy. There are no varieties developed so far, and it is necessary to develop standard varieties to supply domestically good varieties. In this study, the growth and yield characteristics of the genetic resources collected for cultivating good-quality varieties were tested. Three strains were classified into early, medium, and late life. Methods and Results : The research was carried out in the test packaging of the Medicinal Resources Research Institute (Hamyang) in Gyeongnam province. It was harvested in late May, early June, and mid June by flowering season. The harvest time was mid June, late June, mid July, late July, mid August, and late August. Flowering, growth characteristics and yield were investigated. Growth characteristics showed a tendency to increase with the delay of flowering and harvesting time, such as plant height, leaf length etc. As the flowering time and harvesting time were delayed, the number of trees increased. The selected early line showed 89.4 ㎝ in plant length, 38.3 g grain weight, medium line 69.5 ㎝, 61.0 g, late line 136.4 ㎝, 111.2 g. Conclusion : When the cultivars are selected for the selected strains, it is expected that the cultivars with high physiological activity characteristics will be able to develop the cultivars as high quality varieties and high yield varieties.

Background : When the Platycodon grandiflorum is applied before the rainy season, the increase of the incidence of the Platycodon grandiflorum root rot disease increases greatly. This experiment was carried out to reduce the incidence of rot root rot disease through the lodging protecting method. Methods and Results : Three-years-old Platycodon grandiflorum was subjected to four treatments with no treatment, net installation, cutting stem, and removing bud. No treatment was used as a control, and as a further control, netting was used in the Platycodon grandiflorum to set up a treatment with almost no lodging. In the case of cutting stem, the stem was cut off in the middle of June, leaving more than 60 ㎝ before flowering. In the case of removing bud, blooming just before, the bud was removed. As a result, the coverage rate was the highest at 36.9% in the non - treatment area in the middle of July after the rainy season and 0.4% in the net installation. Compared with the case of cutting a lot of stems, 12.7% of the stem was covered with stones, whereas the stalk was 31.8%, which was close to the untreated stomach. As a result of the change of morbidity rate per treatment, it showed a morbidity rate of 49.7% in case of net installation, compared with 60% or more morbidity rate in case of untreated. Conclusion : As a result, an anti-lodging technic has helped prevent the onset of root rot disease. Further research on how to prevent the lodging of Platycodon grandiflorum using cutting stem will be needed.

Background : Turmeric is a subtropical plant, which has a high temperature for growing, but if it continues to be high temperature, it will be turned into heat degradation phenomenon. In order to mitigate damage caused by high temperature, we investigate the damage caused by high temperature. Methods and Results : This study was carried out in the experimental packaging (April 2018 seeding) of the Gyeongnam provincial medicinal resource research institute and eight systems of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) As the main research items, temperature characteristics of treatment distinction and high temperature damage rate were investigated. From July to August 2018, the main weather condition was over 35℃ for more than 21 days and showed abnormal high temperature. CUR11 showed the highest mortality rate (9.1%), and CUR10 (44.8%) showed the highest mortality rate. The average number of CUR11 strain was 23.2%. The mortality rate was 4.9% at the 60 th day of the emergence period and 40.2% at the 75 th day after 2 weeks. The higher the loss rate, the higher the damage rate. When the coating was maintained, the coating surface showed a high temperature of 50℃ or higher. A test was conducted to confirm the heat-reducing effect by coating, as a result of the test, there was no significant difference in the removal rate compared to the control. Conclusion : In order to alleviate the effect of high temperatures on the growth of turmeric, it was found that the heat loss caused by the coating did not appear much in case of turmeric.

Background : Senna tora L. is an herbaceous annual foetid herb. There were many components s uch as emodine, chrysophanol, aloe-emodine, physcion, rhein, chrysophanic acid, obtusin, aurantio-obtusin, anthraquinone compounds. The seeds and leaves are used to treat skin disease and its see ds can be utilized as a laxative, as well as to good for the eyes. This experiment was focused on the storage characteristics for searching better condition. That's why it is very useful for making oriental medicine. It is needed for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification. It is one of ce rtification condition. Many medicinal plants have almost no their storage condition for GAP. Methods and Results : There are two kinds of treatment for storage test. One is temperature. The other is time period. The temperature treatments are room temperature and 4℃. Time of storage periods are four parts. The first time period for storage is zero month. The Second is until three month. and the third is until six month. The fourth is until nine month. We used polyethylene for packing materials. We investigated moisture, ash, bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, mold and chromaticity by them. The value of moisture and ash are under standard of permission as 7.8 and 5.1 respectively. There were almost no significance about test microorganism in the storage temperature condition. There were statistical significance on the bacteria and mold without Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus according to storage period. In terms of stroage temperature and period interaction, there was statistical significance on the Escherichia coli. In addition, the mycotoxin (aflatoxin) was analyzed for nine month storage Senna tora L. The total aflatoxin value were 3.307 ppb and 3.334 ppb in storage temperature and period respectively Conclusion : About the characteristics of Senna tora L. in accordance with the storage treatments, there were differences along with time period of storage about the bacteria and mold. There was no aflatoxin until nine month storage.

Background : Schizonepeta tenuifolia Kitagawa is a herbaceous plant affiliated to labiate. It ha s many oil components which has antimicrobial activity for health with limonene, menthone, p ulegone, piperitenone, schizonepetoside A, schizonepetoside C, spatulenol. The planting area of which is comparatively small than other medicine crop as 5 ha area and 15MT in the nation. This experiment was focused on the storage characteristics for searching better condition. It is very useful for making oriental medicine. It is needed for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification. It is one of certification condition for farmers. Many medicinal plants have almos t been no their storage condition for GAP. Methods and Results : This experiment was carried out to conform optimal condition for S. tenuifolia Kitagawa. There were two kinds of treatment for storage test. One is temperature. The other is time period. The temperature treatments are room temperature and 4℃. The storage periods are divided into four times. Their times continued three month until nine month. There used polyethylene for packing materials. This experiment was investigated to storage condition about moisture, ash, bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, mold and chromaticity. The contents value of moisture and ash are under standard of permission as 9.7 and 6.2 respectively. There were almost no significance about test microorganism in the storage temperature condition. There was statistical significance on the bacteria according to storage period. In terms of stroage temperature and period interaction, there was statistical significance on the Staphylococcus aureus and mold. Conclusion : The effect of storage treatments on S. tenuifolia Kitagawa mainly focused to time period treatment and time period-temperature interaction treatments, there were differences along with time period of storage about the bacteria and interaction with storage temperature and period about Staphylococcus aureus and mold.

Background : Rehmannia glutinose Liboschitz is a perennial herb belonging to the family of Scrophulariaceae. Its roots have been used as a traditional medicine. For cultivation of varieties of Rehmannia glutinose Liboschitz, the pure line selection method, which is to select the best line among those cultivated in farms for pedigree breeding, replicated yield test and regional adaptation test before registering as a new variety, is widely used. Until now, there are 8 registered varieties of Rehmannia glutinose Liboschitz in Korea. The needs for development of disaster-resistant varieties with better chances of surviving when high temperature, salts and disease are increasing. Therefore, this study focused on cultivation of disaster-resistant varieties among those selected for their disaster tolerance and salt tolerance through regional adaptation test. Methods and Results : As a result of examining the incidence of pest insects of the selected 1 - 2 years old varieties used in the study, among the 2-years-old crops, RGES 20 showed the lowest rate in ground parts. Among the 1-year-old crops, the lowest rate incidence of pest insects in ground parts was observed in RGES 23. In addition, RGES 20 and RGES 23 showed superior growth in under ground part with the highest dry root amount. Conclusion : Based on the above results, RGES 20 among the 2-years-old crops, RGES 23 among the 1-year-old crops showed superior growth in under ground part with the highest dry root amount.

Background : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer belong to Panax species Araliaceae and a perennial plants. It grows in Far East Asia such as the Maritime province in Russia, the Manchuria reg ion of China, and the Korean peninsula. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is cultivated by seed sow ing or transplanting-culture, but seedling standing rate is as low as 50%. Therefore, it is impo rtant to increase seedling standing rate. This study was performed to research of plug-seedling cultivation techniques of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer for increase of seedling standing rate. Methods and Results : Testing material, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seed, was sown on 5 kin ds of seedling trays (72, 105, 128, 162, 200 cells) in the middle of February 2016. It was gr own in the seedling green house in medicinal plant resources research department of Gyeongs angnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. Four months after sowing, the seedli ng growth characteristics such as seedling standing rate and seedling withering rate were inves tigated. After transplanting in the mountain area of Hamyang-gun, growth characteristics of the root length, root weight, and other factors were investigated at the beginning of November. A s a result, seedling standing rates were 50.1% to 56.2% and seedling withering rates were 25. 2% to 35.9%. Among the five ports, the seedling standing rate of 105 cells and 72 cells was 56.2% and 55.7%, which were higher than others. In the case of 105 cells, however, seedling withering rate was 35.1% higher than that of 72 cells. Seedling leaf length and width were lo nger at 72, 105, 128 cells than at 162, 200 cells and seedling root length, root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight were the highest at 72 cells. Roughly, the more tray cells, the less se edling growth. After harvesting, among the five ports, root fresh weight and root dry weight per 1 hill of 128 cells were 0.36 g and 0.11 g, respectively, which were higher than those of other cells. Conclusion : The growth characteristics of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer considering the seedling standing rate and seedling withering rate, among the five ports, 72 cells was most suitable. A mong the five ports, considering root fresh weight and root dry weight after harvesting, 128 c ells was most suitable.