The family Baetidae is known to be the most species-rich family in the order Ephemeroptera. The genus Baetis contains up to 160 species, but members of the genus in East Asia are still poorly investigated. In this paper, Baetis spinoculis sp. nov., is described based on larval specimens collected in a stream of the Chiaksan mountain in Korea. While four species in the genus have been described in Korea: Baetis fuscatus (Linnaeus), B. silvaticus Kluge, B. pseudothermicus Kluge, and B. ursinus Kazlauskas, this new species is distinguished from other Korean baetid species by both genetic and morphological characteristics. B. spinoculis can be separated from the related B. pseudothermicus group by the COI genetic distant. The cuticle structures on paraproct plates and abdominal pigment patterns also distinguish B. spinoculis from B. pseudothermicus and other related species.

The mayfly genus Drunella is the most diverse genera in the family Ephemerellidae, and is found in lotic streams throughout East Asia and North America. The species D. ishiyamana is found widely throughout East Asia and their species concept has not been properly defined until recently. The D. ishiyamana species group was examined, and morphological and molecular evidence of a new species were uncovered. In this study Drunella punctata sp. nov. is formally described, mainly distinguished from D. ishiyamana by the lack of a notch in their median clypeal tubercle in their larval stage. Photographs, diagnosis, and descriptions of D. punctata are provided.

We developed a new ecotoxicological test method using native test species, eggs of Ephemera orientalis, and five kinds of industrial wastewater were tested to validate the test method. The water samples were collected in Jun 2006 from the following industries: pesticide, metal plating, PCB, leather1, and leather2. Wastewater and effluent were diluted by distilled water, respectively, to prepare various concentrations, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.1, and 0%. For the egg bioassay, 20 freshly laid eggs (<24 h old) were exposed to test solutions in a Petri dish (52×12 mm) at 20℃ with photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark for 14 days. The median egg hatching concentrations (EHC50) were estimated using Probit analysis. All EHC50s of wastewater were less than 3.1%, which meant very high ecotoxicity except for the wastewater of PCB industry having 6.1% of EHC50. Among the effluents, the least toxic effluent was from pesticide industry having 58% of EHC50, while the effluent of leather2 was the most toxic having 7.3% of EHC50.

We determined the complete mitogenome of the oriental mayfly, Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) and the dragonfly Davidius lunatus (Odonata: Gomphidae). The 16,463-bp long E. orientalis and the 15,912 bp long D. lunatus mitogenome contains gene arrangement and content identical to the most common type found in a diverse insect order. Most individual E. orientalis and D. lunatus mt genes were well within the size found in the respective genes of other insects. The initiation codon for the D. lunatus COI gene was typical as ATA, whereas no typical start codon was found in the start region of E. orientalis COI gene. The A+T-rich regions of both mitogenomes have a few unusual feature. The A+T-rich region of E. orientalis contains a tandem repeat composed of two identical copies of 55 bp long, whereas that of D. lunatus contains a tandem repeat composed of duplicated identical 261-bp copies and one partial copy of the repeat. Also, the A+T-rich region of E. orientalis contains a single sequence and that of D. lunatus contains nine sequences, along with the tandem triplicate sequences, that has the potential to form stem-and-loop structures, flanked by the conserved sequences, “TA(A)TA” at the 5’ end and “G(A)nT’ at the 3’ end. Furthermore, the A+T-rich region of D. lunatus contains two tRNA-like structures, tRNALeu(UUR)-like sequence and tRNATyr-like sequence that have proper anticodon TAA and clover-leaf structure that were previously found in the hymenopteran insects.

1988년 북한의 4개 주요 지역(평양, 해주, 묘향산, 백두산)에서 헝가리 학술조사단에 의하여 채집된 표본을 이용하여 하루살이목의 분포상이 조사되었다. 조사의 결과 하루살이목의 12개 과에서 46종(미동정종 10종 포함)이 밝혀졌고, 그 채집지와 함게 목록을 작성하였다.

1986년 체코 학술조사단에 의하여 북한의 5개 지역(평양, 개성-해주, 묘향산, 금강산, 백두산)에서 하루살이가 집중적으로 채집되었다. 그 결과 59종(미동정종 13종 포함)의 하루살이가 확인되었고, 그 중 Labiobaetis atrebatinus(Eaton), Ephemerella(Serratella) ignita(Poda), E. (S.) zapetkinae(Bajkova), Ephemera sahalinensis Matsumura, Cinygmula kurenzovi Bajkova, Rhithrogena binotata Sinitshenkova, Metretopus borealis Eaton 및 Siphlonurus palaearcticus Tshemova는 한반도에서 처음으로 기록되는 종이다. 채집지의 일반적인 서식환경과 28개 채집지점의 미소서식처를 기술하였고, 어떤 종은 분포 특성 및 분류학적 변동을 논하였다.