The purpose of this study is to develop measurement items for quality cost in service industries. Quality cost is necessary in order to evaluate quality management activities. It is clear that the quality cost in service industry is different from manufac

The purpose of this research is first, to define what measurement items in terms of subjective consideration and preference can be used to assess the landscape values of agriculture and fisheries heritage, and second, to understand the perceptive patterns particularly how landscape experts weigh up the importance of the each measurement item. In order to extract the measurement items, extensive literature review was performed including research documents as well as domestic and international policy reports. A survey targeting the experts was conducted to ask their opinions on the importance of the selected items. For the analysis, SPSS 20.0 for Windows was used to carry out reliability analysis, descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and frequency distribution, factor analysis, and multiple linear regression modeling. The results are: the importance value of the landscape values in agriculture and fisheries heritage was 4.1494; the ratio value that the experts perceived the importance was 87.2%; and the average of the importance value of the analyzed items was 3.71. All the items have more than 3.00. Ten factor groups were summarized and defined whose total explanation power was 67.86%. The factor groups were named as lyricism, authenticity, environmentally-friendliness, durability, recognizability, regionality, visibility, value of sightseeing, social image, and universality. The factors influencing the landscape values are, in order of importance, recognizability, authenticity, visibility, universality, durability, and nativeness. According to the analysis, however, environmentally-friendliness, regionality, value of sightseeing, and social image were not as important.

In this study, the measurement items for establishing the structural health monitoring for super tall buildings were proposed. The items were classified in level of structure, as a structure level and a member level. The external forces and internal responses are measured at each level to monitor the behavior of structure in real time.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate English midterm test items through the application of the Rasch measurement modeling. The teacher-constructed 21 multiple choice test items to which 190 subjects responded as their midterm summative test were submitted to Winsteps 7, a Rasch measurement model program. The Rasch analysis results showed six out of 21 items misfitted the model. The qualitative analysis of those six items revealed that most of those items had more than two correct answers. The other analysis of the equivalency between item difficulties and subjects’ abilities indicated that most items matched only with mid-level ability groups of subjects, lacking items for both upper and lower levels of subjects. It was also found that items related to text organization were among the easiest items, giving support for the efficacy of text-based instruction. The findings of this study also implied that more training of constructing and banking items may be necessary for inservice English teachers, who should take the responsibilities for introducing positive washback effects to their students.