Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is a well-known and important compound in the nuclear industry for the nuclear fuel reprocessing, and it is also used in a various field such as plastic industry as antifoaming agent. Untreated organic pollutants in TBP can remain in the soil water and cause serious environmental pollution, thus it should be degraded through environmentally friendly methods. The non-thermal plasma-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one of the most widely studied and best developed processes owing to its simple structure and ease of operation. In this study, a plasma-based AOP was stably generated using submerged multi-hole dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and applied to relatively high concentration of TBP solution. A submerged DBD plasma system was designed to directly interact with water, thereby producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and functioning as a powerful oxidizer. Additionally, UV, O3, and H2O2 are generated by the developed plasma system without using any other additives to produce OH radicals for degrading organic pollutants; therefore, this system circumvents the use of complex and advanced oxidation processes. The electrical properties and concentrations of the active species were analyzed to establish optimal plasma operating conditions for degrading TBP solution. The results were analyzed by measuring the total organic carbon (TOC) and changes in solution properties. Based on these results, a degradation mechanism of TBP solution is proposed. After 50 min of plasma treatment, the concentration of TOC was gradually decreased. Consequently, we found that plasma-based AOP using submerged multi-hole DBD has advantages as an alternative technology for degrading organic pollutants such as TBP solution.

Noise barriers along the road do not only block the traffic noise but also prevent traversing the car exhausts. These barriers may affect air pollution dispersion, leading to increase vertical mixing due to the upwind deflection of air flow caused by the noise barriers. In this study we investigated the air pollution dispersion around multi-noise barriers using commercial software FLUENT. Investigated cases were 8 cases which had from zero to three noise barriers and two emission sources. Simulated results show noise barriers increase the vertical air pollution impact distance larger 1.7~2.1 times than that of no barrier case. It was also found that noise barriers decrease the horizontal air pollution impact distance lower 0.6~0.8 times than that of no barrier case.

홍수와 가뭄은 과거부터 지금까지 모든 시대에 걸쳐 끊임없이 발생하여 왔으나 최근 들어 발생하는 홍수 및 가뭄의 재해 규모는 과거와 비교할 수 없을 정도로 대형화되고 홍수발생빈도 또한 급격히 증가하고 있다(하림 등, 2013). 소방방재청에 의하면 시간당 30㎜이상의 폭우발생빈도가 최근 30년 평균 3.8회, 5년 평균 5.2회로 나타났으며, 일 80㎜이상의 집중호우 일수는 1.5배 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 우리나라는 최근 기후변화로 인해 6-7년 주기로 가뭄 강도가 점차 증가하고 하천수 과잉 취수 등으로 하천 건천화가 발생하고 있다(맹승진 등, 2013). 이에 대한 대책으로 정부에서는 수자원종합개발 10개년 계획, 수자원 장기종합계획 등을 수립하고 하천정비사업 시행과 다목적 댐을 세우는 등 치수방재를 위해 노력하고 있지만, 급변하는 기상상황에 신속히 대처하기엔 어려움이 있어 홍수 및 가뭄 피해를 최소화 할 수 있는 대비책이 절실한 시점이다.이에, 본 연구에서는 홍수나 집중 호우시 빠른 대처가 가능하고 가뭄시 하천이나 용·배수로를 임시로 막아 농업용수를 확보할 수 있으며, 다방면에 적용성이 뛰어난 이동식 다목적 차수막을 개발 하였다. 이동식 다목적 차수막 개발을 위해 ⅰ) 이동성이 용이한 초경량 소재를 선정 하고, ⅱ) 구조해석 프로그램(MIDAS)을 적용한 최적 규격 선정, ⅲ) 현장 적용을 통해 안전성을 검증 하였다. 제품의 경량화뿐만 아니라 차수 효과의 극대화를 위하여 수압에 대한 내구성이 확보되고 불규칙한 바닥면에 우수한 접지력을 지니고 있는 Sol Tarpaulin(PVC 코팅 폴리에스테르)소재를 선정하였다. 또한, 3차원 구조해석 프로그램인 MIDAS를 이용하여 수압에 의한 차수막의 파손 및 밀림 현상이 발생하지 않는 구조로 설계하였다. 개발된 차수막을 서울시 관악구 내 도림천과 서울시 광진구 내 지하주차장에 적용한 결과, 수압에 의한 파손 및 밀림현상이 발생하지 않았고 지속적인 기립형상을 유지하며 차수되어 구조 및 소재의 안전성뿐만 아니라 다목적 활용이 높은 것으로 나타났다.현재까지 홍수 및 가뭄 대비를 위한 시설물들은 국지적인 집중호우에 취약하고 가뭄에 대한 대책은 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서 개발된 이동식 다목적 차수막을 적절히 사용한다면 이·치수 및 방재 설비 등으로 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

Dielectric discharges are an emerging technique in environmental pollutant degradation, which that are characterized by the production of hydroxyl radicals as the primary degradation species. For practical application of the plasma reactor, reactor that can handle large amounts of water are needed. Plasma research to date has focused on small-scale water treatment. This study was carried out basic study for scale-up of a single DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) plasma reactor. The degradation of N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO, indicator of the generation of OH radical) was used as a performance indicator of multi-plasma reactor. The experiments is divided into two parts: design parameters [effect of distance of single plasma module (1~14 cm), arrangement of ground electrode (single and multi), rector number (1~5) and power number (1~5)]; operation parameter [effect of applied voltage (60~220 V), air flow rate (1~5 L/min), electric conductivity of solution (1.4 μS/cm, deionized water)~18.8 mS/cm (addition of NaCl 10 g/L) and pH (5~9)]. Considering the electric stability of the plasma reactor, optimum spacing between the single plasma module was 2 cm. Multi discharge electrodes - single ground electrode array was selected. Combination of power 3-plasma module 5 was the optimal combination for maximum RNO degradation. The optimum 1st voltage and air flow rate for RNO degradation were 180 V and 4 L/min, respectively. The pH and conductivity of the solution was not influencing the RNO degradation.