Cholangiocarcinoma consists of a heterogeneous group of aggressive and rare malignancies that arise from the bile ducts outside or inside the liver. Although surgical resection remains the only potential curative treatment option for patients with cholangiocarcinoma, curative surgery is only possible in a small number of cases. Furthermore, recurrence rates are high even among patients who undergo surgical resection. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients present with locally advanced, unresectable disease. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has emerged as a promising method to identify patients with poor prognosis, avoiding pathological and non-therapeutic resection, as well as potentially downstaging tumors which cannot be resected initially. This therapeutic strategy has the potential to improve local and distant control, to achieve R0 resection and to prevent distant metastasis. However, few data are currently available supporting neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cholangiocarcinoma and several questions remains unanswered. Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered after surgery to eradicate any remaining cancer cells with the goal of reducing the chances of recurrence. And chemotherapy is also frequently used in cholangiocarcinoma as an adjunct to surgical resection, but the appropriate sequence of chemotherapy with surgery is unclear.

혼합 간세포-담관암종은 조직학적 특성이 다양한 원발성 간암의 드문 형태이다. 혼합 간세포-담관암종의 근치적 치료 법은 수술적 절제가 유일하나, 진행성 혼합 간세포-담관암종의 치료에 대해서는 잘 정립되어 있지 않다. 저자들은 진행성 혼합 간세포-담관암종에서 선행항암화학요법을 시행 후 근치적 수술이 가능하였고, 수술 15개월 후까지 재발을 보이지 않은 증례를 보고하는 바이다.