In this study, a numerical analysis study on the heat transfer characteristics according to the opening and closing of the hydrogen shut-off valve was performed, and the temperature distribution of the key components of the hydrogen shut-off valve was predicted through the result. The ANSYS CFX program was used to predict the heat transfer characteristics of the hydrogen shut-off valve. When the hydrogen shut-off valve was open, the average temperature of the O-ring, which prevents hydrogen leak inside the solenoid valve, was approximately -40℃, and the plunger showed a maximum of -40℃ and a minimum of -110℃. When the hydrogen shut-off valve was completely closed, the O-ring showed approximately 24.82℃ and the plunger showed approximately 24.71℃, which were almost at room temperature.

This research examines the impact of closing versus opening eyes on consumers’ decision making as to whether the decision context is driven by utilitarian versus hedonic motivation. The findings from three studies show that consumers processing advertising messages with their eyes closed are likely to use high-level, abstract processing, and thus more positively evaluate the utilitarian products (vs. the hedonic products). On the contrary, consumers with their eyes open are likely to use low-level, concrete processing, and thus more positively evaluate the hedonic products (vs. the utilitarian products). Implications for consumers and marketers are discussed.

The difficulties in opening and closing a sport utility vehicle (SUV) tailgate is important aspect of JD (James David) power’s Initial Quality Survey (IQS) assessment, and affective quality has a big impact on the the success of thesedays products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceived difficulty and satisfaction of customers by the opening and closing of the tailgate and to grasp the relationship between them and the opening and closing reaction force. The mechanical force required to open and close 42 domestic and overseas SUV tailgates was measured with the help of an auto company. In the experiment, 100 male drivers in their 20s to 50s evaluated perceived difficulty and satisfaction with opening and closing the tailgate. The results of the analysis showed that perceived difficulty and satisfaction were statistically different depending on the vehicle, but did not depend on the personal characteristics of the participants. The perceived difficulty and satisfaction regression model of tailgate opening and closing was developed by mechanical force variables and had a relatively high adjusted R2 ranging from 0.62 to 0.73. The models showed that the the initial close and open force, the difference between initial and maximum close force and the difference between initial and auto-fall angle should be small for the low perceived exertion and high satisfaction. In addition, the correlation analysis between IQS score of tailages and perceived difficulty and satisfaction showed that the IQS scores were more related to the perceived difficulty and satisfaction of closing than those of opening. The results of the study will be helpful to design and test mechanical open and close structure of SUV tailgates.

This study aimed to evaluate the perceived exertion and satisfaction in opening and closing SUV tailgates and explain them with the mechanical force. The study measured the mechanical open and close force for 42 SUV tailgates and evaluated perceived exertion and satisfaction of opening and closing with 100 male participants from 20’s to 50’s. The regression models of perceived exertion and satisfaction showed that small initial closing and opening force, difference between initial and maximum closing force and difference between initial and auto-fall angle have positive effect. The results of the study will be helpful to design and test mechanical open and close structure of SUV tailgates.

본 연구는 CAVE 시스템과 Arm-Master를 이용해 가상 제품의 프로토타이프를 평가할 때 효과가 있을지에 대한 실험적 검증을 하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 CAVE 시스템 상에 가상의 냉장고를 포함한 가상 주방을 모델링하였다. 실험에는 6명의 남자, 6명의 여자 피실험자들이 참여했는데, 3가지 서로 다른 형태의 냉장고 도어 그립과 가상 냉장고 도어를 열고 닫기 위한 힘의 크기 2개에 의한 조합인 6가지 실험조건에 대해 물건을 냉장고에 넣고 꺼내는 작업을 수행하도록 했다. 각 실험이 끝나면 피실험자들은 도어 개폐의 용이성, 도어 조작시의 힘과 실제 힘과의 유사성, 전반적인 현실감에 대한 평가 설문에 응답하도록 했다. 실험 결과 평균치를 기준으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니나 수직형의 도어 그립이 개폐용이성 등에서 상대적으로 좋은 평가를 받았다. 또한 힘의 크기에 있어서 피실험자들은 5N을 15N에 비해 좋은 평가를 하였다. 그러나 예상 외로 성별 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났는데, 이는 여자들의 경우 Arm-Master를 조작하는 데 더 큰 어려움을 겪었기 때문으로 풀이된다. 앞으로도 기술적 측면에서 Arm-Master가 더욱 개선되어야만 디자인 평가 과정에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.