BIM에서 가장 중요한 요소 중의 하나가 디지털 데이터이다. 체계적인 디지털 데이터 관리를 위해 최근까지 연구를 통해 객체분류 체계(OBS)와 속성분류체계(Pset)가 제시되어 왔다. 특히 공정 및 기성 관리에 사용되는 디지털 데이터는 WBS와 CBS로 나뉘고 이를 BIM 객체와 매핑하려면 CBS의 수량 분개가 필요한데 CBS는 양이 매우 방대하고 공종이나 규격, 명칭 및 CBS 코드가 발주처마다 상 이하여 WBS나 BIM 모델에 맞는 수량 분개 작업을 엑셀 등을 이용해서 수작업으로 한다는 것은 사실상 어렵다. 이러한 문제점을 극복 하기 위해 BIM 모델에 의해 산출하기 힘든 수량 중에서 대부분을 차지하는 연장에 근거한 수량의 전체분을 분개하는 방안, 축적된 WBS-CBS 이력으로부터 최적 CBS를 도출하는 방안과 합리적인 CBS 데이터베이스 구축을 위해 필수적인 CBS 코드 통합 표준화 방 안을 제시하였다.

Innovative payment methods, such as Bitcoin, may exhibit effects on consumer behavior besides known pain of paying effects. This study sheds light on spillover effects of innovative payment methods by giving evidence for an increase of consumers’ purchase intention caused by payment method innovativeness and mediated by perceived store innovativeness.

This study examines the impact of digital payment methods on consumer spending, highlighting adoption's moderating role. A two-phase approach, involving 741 survey participants and 166,151 customer records, reveals that digital payments increase willingness to pay and total spending compared to credit cards. Adoption plays a pivotal role, with simple payment users showing significantly higher credit card usage than non-users.

Prior research has investigated the consumer effects of cash and card payments in service settings, but the growing trend of innovative payment with a mobile device hasn’t been considered in the literature so fare. This article represents one of the first studies that considers the adoption of mobile as a new payment method and investigate how the ‘checkout’ phase affect the shoppers’ overall price image of retail stores (OSPI). Results from our studies show that the ‘checkout’ phase is the ‘moment of truth’ for shoppers judging OSPI. We investigate the effects of cash, card, and mobile payments and show that the less transparent a payment method, the lower OSPI judgments of shoppers. In particular, favorable comparisons of basket prices to shoppers’ mental budgets trigger lower store price perceptions. Subsequently, these results have major implications for retailers aiming to lower their OSPI in customers’ minds.