龍崗秦簡은 진(秦)의 사회와 법률을 이해하는데 중요한 출토 문헌으로 본고에서 는 제23간부터 제34간까지의 내용을 해독하고 주석을 붙였다. 이 12매의 죽간에는 금원(禁苑) 안에 들어온 짐승에 관한 규정, 불법적으로 얻은 재화에 관한 처리, 금원 및 금원을 둘러싼 공터(격리지대)에서의 사냥 및 어로(漁撈) 행위에 대한 허용 범위 와 금지 사항에 대한 기록이 담겨 있다. 본고는 龍崗秦簡 제23간부터 제34간에 대 한 기존의 연구 성과 및 적외선 카메라로 재촬영한 죽간 사진을 토대로 더욱 정확한 고석(考釋)을 진행하고자 하였으며, ‘敺’와 ‘驅’·‘每’와 ‘毒’·‘灋’와 ‘法’ 등의 한자에 대해 서 고대한자 자료에 보이는 관련 자형을 수집해 보다 상세하고 명확한 주석을 작성 하고자 하였다.

It has been more than 40 years since Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips were unearthed. As the first batch of Qin bamboo slips unearthed, it is close to the truth of the Qing dynasty. Because the unearthed bamboo slips are clear and easily to recognize, most of them are complete, which provides favorable conditions for the in-depth study of Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips. To start with, the aim of this paper is to explore the special words used in the development period of modal particles, to clarify the development context of the evolution of modal particles, and to sort out the internal differences of the evolution of modal particles in Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips. We give a possibility for Yi (殹) and Ye (也), which seems to alternate between Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips. Secondly, we found the factors to these change: dialect, country, written forms and customs. Also, we set many examples to prove Yi (殹) and Ye (也) in Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips truly alternative. The time of Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips was written at about the end of the Warring States period to the early Qin Dynasty, which was the time when the words were not solidified. In this period, the use of words was chaotic, and modal particles showed different use of words because of their distinctive regional characteristics, that is, the diversification of writing forms. Especially, Yi (殹) and Ye (也) were two modal particles in Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips. As a Qin character, commonly seen in Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips, Yi (殹) is often used as a modal particle in the slips of Qing dynasty, which has been discussed by senior scholars such as Li Xueqin and Chen Zhaorong. Mr. Li talked about Yi (殹) and “habitually seen in Qin Bamboo Slips” in his article “an Investigation of Ancient Philology of Qin Bamboo Slips”; When discussing the evolution of Qin characters, Mr Chen interpreted Yi (殹) as a mood auxiliary word with both regional and contemporary characteristics.

본고는 龍崗秦簡 第11～22簡, 第68簡, 第181簡의 내용에 대해 해독을 시도하였다. 이 14매의 죽간이 담고 있는 대략의 내용은 禁苑과 관련한 秦법률인 秦苑律에 대한 기록이다. 秦苑律은 상당히 엄격하게 시행되었는데 금원의 출입과 관련하여 위법 행 위를 한 자는 무거운 형벌에 처해졌음을 살펴볼 수 있었으며 해독 작업을 통해 秦代 사회와 법률, 언어와 문자에 대해 한층 더 깊게 이해할 수 있게 되었다. 또한, 본고 는 龍崗秦簡 第11～22簡·68簡·181簡의 기존 연구에 충분한 예증을 찾아 보충하거나 誤釋 부분에 대해서는 정정 의견을 제시하는 등, 기존 연구 성과를 토대로 문자학적 지식을 활용하여 보다 심도있는 고찰을 진행하였다.

본고는 龍崗秦簡 제1간부터 제10간까지의 내용에 대해 기존의 연구 성과를 토대로 하여 해독을 시도하였으며, 쟁점이 되는 부분에는 상세한 주석을 덧붙이고 고찰을 진행하였다. 주석 작업에 里耶秦簡과 岳麓書院藏秦簡 등 용강진간 이후에 발굴된 최신 秦문자 자료를 적극 활용하였으며, 판독에 어려움이 있는 글자에 대해서는 관련 秦문자와의 자형 비교를 진행해 보다 정확한 考釋에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 용강진 간 제1간에서 제10간까지의 내용은 禁苑과 관련된 법률에 대한 기록이다. 금원은 皇 家의 가축과 식물들을 기르고 관리하던 정원으로 일반인들의 출입이 엄격히 통제되었다. 따라서 하수도로 몰래 드나들거나 출입증 없이 관문을 지나가면 斬止라는 무거운 형벌에 처해졌으며, 공문서의 관리 역시 엄격한 규정 속에서 이루어졌던 것으로 보인다.

Based on the “double evidence method”, this paper first demonstrates the relationship between Guicang (歸藏) of the Wangjiatai Qin Bamboo Slips and the classic version of Guicang (歸藏). What is more, this paper classifies and supplements the missing names according to the handed down documents; it also proves that the place named ‘Tang (唐)’ in the hexagram of “Xiao Chen made a divination on escaping to Tang (小臣卜逃唐)” in Guicang of the Qin bamboo slips is related to the place named ‘Tangqiu (湯丘)’ of “Shangtang in Tangqiu (湯處於湯丘)” in Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscripts. The special relationship between ‘Zhonghui (仲虺)’ and ‘Yiyin (伊尹)’ plus his evaluation of Xiaochen’s escape is also reinterpreted.

Chinese characters underwent the process of conversion of seal script to clerical script, transitioning from lines to strokes in composition. the degree of tokenization components increased markedly. Some characters could no longer be classified by radicals as explained under the “unified by form and meaning” principle described in Shuowen Jiezi (《說文解字》). Thus in the Ming Dynasty, Zihui (《字彙》) eliminated and combined many of the radicals in Shuowen Jiezi (《說文解字》), and adopted the principle of “classification under form and not meaning” for classification purposes. The Kangxi Dictionary (《康熙字典》) from the Qing Dynasty continued the tradition of 214 radicals included in Zihui (《字彙》). Though radicals were established and classified according to two principles: convenient perusal and being true to the meaning of characters created by ancients, the form and meaning of characters become disassociated after conversion of seal script to clerical script, though the original theory of character creation which linked external composition of character with internal meaning was passed on. As the two radical classification principles of classification through form and classification through meaning conflicted with one another, the book adopted the principle of radical classification through form to facilitate convenient perusal. Thus, some radicals were iconized, losing their function to convey meaning or sound in characters. From the perspective of the development of clerical script, clerical script from the Qin Dynasty (qinli) is also referred to as “ancient clerical script” (guli), an early form of clerical script during this transition period between ancient and modern characters. Development of clerical script reached maturation in the Han Dynasty, with the Eight Points (bafen) script. This paper attempted to organize the mark process that Chinese characters underwent during the conversion of seal script to clerical script, through utilizing ancient texts which have been unearthed, Han Dynasty steles, and texts from Qin and Han Dynasty bamboo and wooden slips unearthed in the past few decades as research material. The hope was to uncover the evolutionary process and original form of iconized radicals as they formed.

The article states that the writing style determines the forms ofChinese Characters during the process in shaping the characters by analyzing the Characters both in Pre-Qin Days and in Qin Dynasty. In other words, the way of writing influences the result of writing------ the forms of Chinese character directly, moreover, any kind of change in characters’ evolution stems from the slight difference from the previous writing style. Characters are presented by using writing, characters on Bamboo or Wood strips in Qin Dynasty are kept more in the inking words in the early forms of Chinese characters; meanwhile , writing style in Qin Dynasty is a transitional form in the change from seal script to clerical script; at the same time, it includes both the writing motivation of seal script and other writing styles, such as, clerical script, running script and cursive script in the following periods and conceives rich connotation in writing styles. So, we know that , to some extent, the writing style can restrict or improve the process of characters’ evolution by researching the writing styles’ influence on the following characters’ shape. And as an internal factor, it is writing style itself that influences the Chinese character’s shapes. In this way, we push the traditional static research of forms of joining different parts to form the Chinese characters and that of changing rules of different parts in Chinese characters to the dynamic level in Chinese characters’ research.