Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has transformed conventional manufacturing processes by offering unprecedented opportunities for design innovation, reduced lead times, and cost-effective production. Aluminum alloy, a material used in metal 3D printing, is a representative lightweight structural material known for its high specific strength and corrosion resistance. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for 3D printed aluminum alloy components across industries, including aerospace, transportation, and consumer goods. To meet this demand, research on alloys and process conditions that satisfy the specific requirement of each industry is necessary. However, 3D printing processes exhibit different behaviors of alloy elements owing to rapid thermal dynamics, making it challenging to predict the microstructure and properties. In this study, we gathered published data on the relationship between alloy composition, processing conditions, and properties. Furthermore, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on the effects of the process variables on the density and hardness of aluminum alloys used in additive manufacturing.

Numerical simulations of the powder extrusion need an appropriate pressure-dependent constitutive model for densification modeling of the magnesium powders. The present research investigated the effect of representative powder yield function of the critical relative density model. We could obtain reasonable physical properties of pure magnesium powders using cold isostatic pressing. The proposed densification model was implemented into the finite element code. The finite element analysis was applied to simulation of powder extrusion of pure magnesium powder in order to investigate the densification and processing load at room temperature.

In this study, bottom-up powder processing and top-down severe plastic deformation processing approaches were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement with least grain growth. The numerical modeling of the powder process requires the appropriate constitutive model for densification of the powder materials. The present research investigates the effect of representative powder yield function of the Shima-Oyane model and the critical relative density model. It was found that the critical relative density model is better than the Shima-Oyane model for powder densification behavior, especially for initial stage.

It is well known that the powder injection molding(PIM) process can overcome the shape limitations of traditional powder compaction, the costs of machining, the productivity limits of isostatic pressing and slip casting, and the defect and tolerance limitations of conventional casting. Increasing demands from industry for not only the dimensional accuracy nut mechanical strength in PIMed parts have had much effort focused on the investigation of mechanical properties of mechanical strength in PIMed parts have had much effort focused on the investigation of mechanical properties of sintered parts formed with high-strength metallic powders. The 17_4 PH were injection-molded into flat tensile specimens. Sintering of the compacts was carried out at the various temperatures ranging from 900 to . Sintering behavior of the compacts and tensile properties of sintered specimens were investigated.

강원도 고냉지 배추재배 지역에서 53개의 이병 뿌리와 22개 토양 표본을 채취하여 배추 생육 초기에 뿌리 썩음을 일으키는 병원균을 조사하였다. 이병된 뿌리에서 검출된 13개 곰팡이 중에서 Pythium ultimum, Pythium echinocarpum, Rhizoctonia solani의 3종이 자주 검출 되었으며 배추에 병원성이 있었다. 채취한 토양에 본엽 엽기의 배추를 이식하여 발명 유무를 온실에서 조사 하였을 때 토양 표본에 따라 5내지 100%의 식물이 이들 균에 의하여 감염 되었다. 토양내 이들 3종의 균의 밀도를 배추 식물의 감염 빈도에 의하여 조사 하였을 때 차항 2리 지역의 토양에서는 P. ultimum이 우점종 이었고 P. echinocarpum은 용산 2리, 횡계리, 문맥 지역에서 주로 밀도가 높았다. 매봉산 지역의 토양에서는 R. solani 균만이 단지 분포하고 있었으며 P. ultimum 과 P. echinocarpum이 동시 분포하는 지역에서는 대체로 P. echinocarpum 균의 밀도가 P. ultimum에 비하여 더 높았다. 주요 30품종의 유묘를 가지고 온실에서 품종 저항성을 조사한 결과 6개 품종이 P. ultimum 에 대하여 저항성이었고 3개 품종이 중도 저항성 이었다. P. echinocarpum에 대해서는 저항성 품종이 없고 2개 품종이 중도 저항성 이었으며 R. solani균에 대해서는 모두가 이병성 이었다.

Available phosphorus(P2O5) in conventionally cultivated soil was more abundant in two fold than that of organically cultivated soil. Relative density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) was higher in organically cultivated soil, That of welsh onion cultivated soil was the highest, that of strawberry was followed and then that of pepper, respectively. Relative density of AMF was inversely proportioned to available soil phosphorus. Phosphorus content of crop and relative density of AMF were more abundant in organically cultivated crop or soil. However available soil phosphorus content was much in conventionally cultivated soil. The phosphorus contents between soil and crop were negatively correlated. The phosphorus content of crop was increased as the relative density of AMF increased. Relative density of AMF in the organically cultivated soil and phosphorus content of the crop with organic cultivation were higher than those of conventionally cultivated.