When the foundation work of the underground part of the building structure or the excavation work of the civil engineering structure is carried out, there is the earthwork work by the inevitable process. As the economic situation continues to develop, construction in urban areas is becoming bigger and higher in scale due to the expansion of infrastructure and the rescue of urban dwellings in urban areas, and excavation of underground roads is inevitable. Excavation of the underground part may cause problems in the process difficulty and safety of the earthworks due to the complexity and various characteristics of the ground selected without consideration of the ground characteristics and site conditions. In order to complete the required facilities, it is necessary to secure the design and construction of the retaining walls. In order to complete the required construction, It is an important factor satisfying construction period and economical efficiency.

In this presentation, a review on the major disasters that occurred in the Philippines over the recent years will be concisely presented. This include the overview of the type of disasters that occurred, the frequency of occurrence, as well as the effects of these disasters on communities (e.g., economic costs to agriculture and infrastructure, etc.). Also, the legal basis for policies, plans and programs to deal with the disasters will be presented. It will be covered under the four thematic areas, namely, (1) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation; (2) Disaster Preparedness; (3) Disaster Response; and (4) Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery, which correspond to the structure of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council(NDRRMC). By law, the Office of Civil Defense formulates and implements the NDRRMP and ensures that the physical framework, social, economic and environmental plans of communities, cities, municipalities and provinces are consistent with such plan. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) is consistent with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF), which serves as “the principal guide to disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) efforts to the country….” The Framework envisions a country of “safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino communities toward sustainable development.” It conveys a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive DRRM wherein men and women have increased their awareness and understanding of disaster reduction risk management (DRRM), with the end in view of increasing people’s resilience and decreasing their vulnerabilities. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) 2011-2028 will also be discussed. The NDRRMP sets down the expected outcomes, outputs, key activities, indicators, lead agencies, implementing partners and timelines under each of the four distinct yet mutually reinforcing thematic areas. The goals of each thematic area lead to the attainment of the country’s overall DRRM vision, as graphically shown below.

과거 농경-산업사회에서는 문제시 되지 않았던 태양활동은 최근 다양한 전파기반의 첨단서비스가 속속 등장함에 따라, 위성, 항공, 항법, 전력 및 방송통신 분야 등 국가핵심기반시설서비스에 장애 및 피해를 입힐 수 있는 새로운 재난 요소로 주목받고 있다. 따라서, 정부에서도 2012년부터 우주전파재난을 국가재난관리체계에 신규 편입시키는 등 범 정부 차원에서 우주전파재난에 대비하고자 다양한 노력을 강구해 왔다. 특히, 미래창조과학부와 안전행정부에서는 우주전파재난 발생 시 정부 부처별 임무 및 역할을 규정한 "우주전파재난 위기관리 표준매뉴얼"을 2013.2월 제정하였으며, 각 부처에서는 이에 따라 세부 대응계획인 "우주전파재난 위기대응 실무매뉴얼"을 수립하고 시행하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 우주전파재난의 발생 원인 및 과정을 파악하고, 정부의 우주전파재난 대응계획과 향후 고도화 방안을 소개하고자 한다.